From: Nutrition support practices in critically ill head-injured patients: a global perspective
 | Survivors | Non-survivors | Odds ratio | 95 % CI | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |||||
Sex | Male | 691 | 84.8 | 124 | 15.2 | 0.66 | 0.46, 0.96 | 0.029 |
Female | 181 | 78.7 | 49 | 21.3 | ref | - | ||
EN interrupted | Yes | 548 | 85.1 | 96 | 14.9 | 0.89 | 0.62, 1.27 | 0.506 |
No | 283 | 83.5 | 56 | 16.5 | ref | - | ||
Bedside feeding protocol | Yes | 730 | 84.6 | 133 | 15.4 | 0.65 | 0.42, 0.99 | 0.043 |
No | 142 | 78.0 | 40 | 22.0 | ref | - | ||
Bedside feeding protocol includes gastric residual volumes | Yes | 699 | 84.9 | 124 | 15.1 | 0.63 | 0.43, 0.92 | 0.016 |
No | 173 | 77.9 | 49 | 22.1 | ref | - | ||
Bedside feeding protocol includes motility agents | Yes | 562 | 84.3 | 105 | 15.7 | 0.85 | 0.60, 1.20 | 0.360 |
No | 442 | 82.0 | 97 | 18.0 | ref | - | ||
Bedside feeding protocol includes small bowel feeding | Yes | 430 | 85.0 | 76 | 15.0 | 0.81 | 0.58, 1.12 | 0.201 |
No | 442 | 82.0 | 97 | 18.0 | ref | - | ||
Bedside feeding protocol includes withholding for procedures | Yes | 399 | 83.1 | 81 | 16.9 | 1.04 | 0.75, 1.46 | 0.800 |
No | 473 | 83.7 | 92 | 16.3 | ref | - | ||
Bedside feeding protocol includes head of bed elevation | Yes | 586 | 84.0 | 112 | 16.0 | 0.90 | 0.63, 1.27 | 0.540 |
No | 286 | 82.4 | 61 | 17.6 | ref | - | ||
Dietician working in the ICU | No dietician | 139 | 79.9 | 35 | 20.1 | ref | - | - |
<1 FTE | 427 | 86.1 | 69 | 13.9 | 0.64 | 0.41, 0.99 | 0.047 | |
≥1 FTE | 302 | 81.4 | 69 | 18.6 | 0.91 | 0.58, 1.41 | 0.667 | |
Formula density (patients with >75 % of days at one density) | ≤1 kcal/ml | 391 | 85.2 | 68 | 14.8 | ref | - | - |
>1–<2 kcal/ml | 275 | 83.6 | 54 | 16.4 | 1.13 | 0.77, 1.67 | 0.541 | |
≥2 kcal/ml | 16 | 69.6 | 7 | 30.4 | 2.52 | 0.998, 6.34 | 0.051 | |
Timing of initiation of EN | Day 1 or prior to ICU admission | 210 | 87.9 | 29 | 12.1 | ref | - | - |
Day 2–4 | 569 | 83.7 | 111 | 16.3 | 1.41 | 0.91, 2.19 | 0.122 | |
Day 5 or later | 52 | 81.3 | 12 | 18.8 | 1.67 | 0.80, 2.50 | 0.173 |