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Table 3 Relationship between unadjusted ICU and patient nutritional variables and mortality

From: Nutrition support practices in critically ill head-injured patients: a global perspective

 

Survivors

Non-survivors

Odds ratio

95 % CI

p

n

%

n

%

Sex

Male

691

84.8

124

15.2

0.66

0.46, 0.96

0.029

Female

181

78.7

49

21.3

ref

-

EN interrupted

Yes

548

85.1

96

14.9

0.89

0.62, 1.27

0.506

No

283

83.5

56

16.5

ref

-

Bedside feeding protocol

Yes

730

84.6

133

15.4

0.65

0.42, 0.99

0.043

No

142

78.0

40

22.0

ref

-

Bedside feeding protocol includes gastric residual volumes

Yes

699

84.9

124

15.1

0.63

0.43, 0.92

0.016

No

173

77.9

49

22.1

ref

-

Bedside feeding protocol includes motility agents

Yes

562

84.3

105

15.7

0.85

0.60, 1.20

0.360

No

442

82.0

97

18.0

ref

-

Bedside feeding protocol includes small bowel feeding

Yes

430

85.0

76

15.0

0.81

0.58, 1.12

0.201

No

442

82.0

97

18.0

ref

-

Bedside feeding protocol includes withholding for procedures

Yes

399

83.1

81

16.9

1.04

0.75, 1.46

0.800

No

473

83.7

92

16.3

ref

-

Bedside feeding protocol includes head of bed elevation

Yes

586

84.0

112

16.0

0.90

0.63, 1.27

0.540

No

286

82.4

61

17.6

ref

-

Dietician working in the ICU

No dietician

139

79.9

35

20.1

ref

-

-

<1 FTE

427

86.1

69

13.9

0.64

0.41, 0.99

0.047

≥1 FTE

302

81.4

69

18.6

0.91

0.58, 1.41

0.667

Formula density (patients with >75 % of days at one density)

≤1 kcal/ml

391

85.2

68

14.8

ref

-

-

>1–<2 kcal/ml

275

83.6

54

16.4

1.13

0.77, 1.67

0.541

≥2 kcal/ml

16

69.6

7

30.4

2.52

0.998, 6.34

0.051

Timing of initiation of EN

Day 1 or prior to ICU admission

210

87.9

29

12.1

ref

-

-

Day 2–4

569

83.7

111

16.3

1.41

0.91, 2.19

0.122

Day 5 or later

52

81.3

12

18.8

1.67

0.80, 2.50

0.173

  1. FTE full-time equivalent, EN enteral nutrition