Table 2 Relationship between ICU and patient nutritional variables and energy and protein deficit
From: Nutrition support practices in critically ill head-injured patients: a global perspective
| Â | Energy deficit (kcal/d) | Protein deficit (g/d) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Standard deviation | p | Mean | Standard deviation | p | ||
Bedside feeding protocol | Yes | 788 | 528 | 0.223 | 45.2 | 30.2 | 0.129 |
No | 877 | 518 | 52.0 | 30.0 | |||
Bedside feeding protocol includes gastric residual volumes | Yes | 783 | 532 | 0.094 | 44.7 | 30.0 | 0.038 |
No | 878 | 505 | 52.6 | 30.4 | |||
Bedside feeding protocol includes motility agents | Yes | 732 | 507 | <.001 | 42.1 | 29.3 | <.001 |
No | 930 | 539 | 54.1 | 30.5 | |||
Bedside feeding protocol includes small bowel feeding | Yes | 720 | 507 | <.001 | 41.0 | 29.0 | 0.001 |
No | 883 | 535 | 51.6 | 30.5 | |||
Bedside feeding protocol includes withholding for procedures | Yes | 755 | 543 | 0.076 | 42.1 | 29.9 | 0.008 |
No | 844 | 511 | 50.1 | 30.1 | |||
Bedside feeding protocol includes head of bed elevation | Yes | 791 | 529 | 0.547 | 46.1 | 31.5 | 0.969 |
No | 827 | 524 | 47.1 | 27.6 | |||
Dietician working in the ICU | No dietician | 658 | 524 | 0.027* | 29.9 | 26.1 | <.001^ |
<1 FTE | 844 | 539 | 48.6 | 29.5 | |||
≥1 FTE | 820 | 505 | 51.3 | 30.6 | |||
Timing of initiation of EN | By day 1 | 512 | 431 | <.001 # | 31.3 | 23.6 | <.001 # |
Day 2–4 | 811 | 465 | 47.8 | 29.0 | |||
After day 4 | 1167 | 551 | 62.5 | 31.3 | |||
Nutritional support route | EN only | 734 | 468 | 0.023 + | 44.4 | 28.2 | <.001 + |
PN only | 624 | 215 | 26.7 | 25.6 | |||
EN + PN | 602 | 524 | 31.6 | 30.3 | |||
Formula density (patients with >75 % of days at one density) | ≤1 kcal/ml | 728 | 453 | 0.011 π | 41.9 | 27.7 | 0.006 π |
>1– < 2 kcal/ml | 816 | 540 | 48.7 | 30.6 | |||
≥2 kcal/ml | 586 | 491 | 47.0 | 34.9 | |||