From: Timing of tracheotomy in ICU patients: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
 | Duration of mechanical ventilation, early versus late groups (days) | Number of ventilator-free days in 28 days, early versus late groups | Duration of ICU stay, early versus late groups (days) | Number of ICU-free days in 28 days, early versus late groups | Duration of sedation, early versus late groups (days) | Number of sedation-free days in 28 days, early versus late groups | Acquired pneumonia, early versus late groups | Mortality (≤2 months), early versus late groups | Mortality (>2 months), early versus late groups | Other outcomes, early versus late groups, |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saffle et al. (2002) [38] | 35.5 (4.5) vs. 31.4 (5.2) (p, NA) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 21 (100 %) vs. 22 (96 %) (p = 0.16) | 17 (81 %) vs. 17 (74 %) (p = 0.58) | NA | Successfully extubated, 1 (5 %) vs. 6 (26 %) (p <0.01) |
Rumbak et al. (2004) [16] | 7.6 (4.0) vs. 17.4 (5.3) (p <0.01) | NA | 4.8 (1.4) vs. 16.2 (3.8) (p <0.01) | NA | 3.2 (0.4) vs. 14.1 (2.9) (p <0.01) | NA | 3 (5 %) vs. 15 (25 %) (p <0.05) | 19 (32 %) vs, 37 (62 %) (p <0.05) (at 30 d) | NA | Damage to the larynx and lips, rated 0–1 vs. 2–3 |
Barquist et al. (2006) [39] | NA | 8.57 (7.9) vs. 8.83 (9) (in 30 d) (p = 0.9) | NA | 5.0 (6.0) vs. 5.3 (6.5) (in 30 d) (p = 0.8) | NA | NA | 28 (97 %) vs. 28 (90 %) (p = 0.6) | 2 (6.9 %) vs. 5 (16 %) (p = 0.4) | NA |  |
Blot et al. (2008) [40] | 14 (2–28) vs. 16 (3–28) (p = 0.62) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 18 (0–27) vs. 15 (0–27) | 30 (49 %) vs. 31 (50 %) (p = 0.94) | 12 (20 %) vs. 15 (24 %) (at 28 d); 16 (27 %) vs. 15 (24 %) (at 60 d) | NA | Laryngeal symptoms, 1 (2 %) vs. 7 (11 %) (p = 0.01) |
Terragni et al. (2010) [17] | NA | 11 (0–21) vs. 6 (0–17) (p = 0.02) | NA | 0 (0–13) vs. 0 (0-8) (p = 0.02) | NA | NA | 30 (14 %) vs. 44 (21 %) (p = 0.07) | 55 (26 %) vs. 66 (31 %) (p = 0.25) (at 28 d) | 72/144 (50 %) vs. 75/138 (57 %)(p = 0.25) (in 1 year) | Successful weaning, 161 (77 %) vs. 142 (68) (p = 0.02) |
Trouillet et al. (2011) [18] | 17.9 (14.9) vs. 19.3 (16.9) (p = 0.55) | 10.0 (8.8) vs. 9.2 (10.2) (p = 0.52) | 23.9 (21.3) vs. 25.5 (22.2) (p = 0.85) | NA | 6.4 (5.9) vs. 9.6 (7.3) (p <0.01) | 19.0 (9.1) vs. 15.5 (9.3) (p <0.01) | 50 (46 %) vs. 47 (44 %) (p = 0.77) | 17 (16 %) vs. 23 (21 %) (p = 0.30) (at 30 d) | 12/74 (16 %) vs. 17/74 (23 %) (p = 0.49) (in 2.4 years in mean) | ADL, anxiety, depression, or PTSD, similar |
Zheng et al. (2012) [41] | NA | 9.6 (5.6) vs. 7.4 (6.2) (p = 0.05) | NA | 8.0 (5.0–12.0) vs. 3.0 (0–12.0) (p <0.01) | NA | 20.8 (2.4) vs. 17.1 (2.3) (p = 0.05) | 17 (29 %) vs. 30 (49 %) (p = 0.03) | 8 (14 %) vs. 6 (10 %) (p = 0.55) (at 28 d) | NA |  |
Koch et al. (2012) [42] | 15.3 (9.1–19.8) vs. 21.1 (13.5–27.9) (p ≤0.01) | NA | 21.5 (15.0–30.0) vs. 30.6 (22.0–37.0) (p ≤0.05) | NA | NA | NA | 19 (38 %) vs. 32 (64 %) | 9 (18 %) vs. 7 (14 %) (p = 0.79) (in ICU) | 10 (20 %) vs. 11(22 %) (p = 0.81) (in hospital) |  |
Young et al. (2013) [19] | 13.6 (12.0) vs. 15.2 (14.4) (p = 0.06) | NA | 13.0 (8.2–19.1) vs. 13.1 (7.4–23.6) (p = 0.74) in survivors; 9.3 (4.2–16.0) vs. 10.4 (6.0–19.7) (p = 0.16) in non-survivors | NA | 5 (3–9) vs. 8 (4–12) (p <0.01) in survivors; 5 (3–9) vs. 6 (4–10) (p = 0.11) in non-survivors | NA | NA | 139 (31 %) vs. 141 (32 %) (p = 0.89) (at 30 d) | 168 (40 %) vs. 180 (41 %) (p = 0.63) (in hospital); 207 (46 %) vs. 217 (49 %) (p = 0.38) (1 year) | Antibiotic use, 5 (1–8) vs. 5 (1–10) (p = 0.95) (in 30 d) |
Bösel et al. (2013) [43] | 15 (10–17) vs. 12 (8–16) (p = 0.23) | NA | 17 (13–22) vs. 18 (16–28) (p = 0.38) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3 (10 %) vs. 14 (47 %) (p <0.01) (in ICU) | 8 (27 %) vs. 18 (0.6 %) (p = 0.02) (in 6 months) | Sedation use (42 %) vs. (62 %) (p = 0.02). |
Mohamed et al. (2014) [44] | 20.6 (13.0) vs. 32.2 (10.5) (p <0.01) | NA | 21.1 (13.5) vs. 40.2 (12.7) (p <0.01) | NA | NA | NA | 4 (20Â %) vs. 8 (40Â %) | NA | 8 (40Â %) vs. 8 (40Â %) (in hospital) | Â |
Diaz-Prieto et al. (2014) [25] | NA | 11 (0–22) vs. 9 (0–22) (p = 0.05) | 22 (6–101) 22.5 (6–174) (p = 0.31) | NA | 11 (2–92) vs. 14 (0–79) (p = 0.02) | NA | 33 (13 %) vs. 23 (9 %) (p = 0.16) | 42 (17 %) vs. 47 (19 %) (p = 0.54) (at 28 d) | 63 (26 %) vs. 73 (30 %) (p = 0.30) (at 90 d); 67 (27 %) vs. 78 (32 %) (p = 0.26) (in hospital) | Excluded by attending physician, 284 (58 %) |