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Table 1 Characteristics of reported cases of propofol infusion syndrome and univariate mortality risk

From: Propofol infusion syndrome: a structured review of experimental studies and 153 published case reports

 

Frequency, n (%)

Unadjusted mortality risk

Odds ratio

P

95 % CI

Demography

    

 Elderly (age >55 years)

29 (19 %)

0.11

<0.001

0.04–0.34

 Child (age <18 years)

56 (36 %)

1.4

0.318

0.72–2.7

 Male sex

80 (60 %)a

0.85

0.646

0.42–1.7

Underlying disease

    

 Respiratory infection

22 (14 %)

2.28

0.093

0.87–6.0

 Traumatic brain injury

43 (28 %)

4.7

<0.001

2.1–10.5

 Status epilepticus

30 (20 %)

0.67

0.331

0.3–1.5

 Non-trauma neurological dg. (cerebral vascular malformation, aneurysm, sinus thrombosis, brain tumor etc.) 

15 (10 %)

0.60

0.36

0.2–1.8

 Other

43 (28 %)

0.25

<0.001

0.12–0.54

Propofol dose and duration of infusion

    

 Average dose (continuous variable)

128 (84 %)b

1.12

0.08

0.99–1.28

 Average dose above 5 mg/kg per hour

76 (59 %)

4.20

<0.001

1.98–8.9

 Duration (continuous variable)

150 (98 %)c

1.005

0.109

0.999–1.012

 Duration <20 hours

30 (20 %)

1.00

N/A

N/A

 Duration 20–60 hours versus <20 hours

35 (23 %)

43.5

<0.001

9.9–191.4

 Duration >60 hours versus <20 hours

85 (57 %)

10.6

<0.001

3.0–37.7

 Cumulative dose (continuous variable)

128 (84 %)b

1.001

0.079

0.999–1.002

 Cumulative dose above 360 mg/kg

76 (59 %)

2.74

0.007

1.33–5.68

Symptoms

    

 Metabolic acidosis

117 (77 %)

2.48

0.024

1.13–5.45

 Brugada-like or ischaemic ECG

102 (67 %)

3.29

0.001

1.61–6.73

 Arrhythmia

101 (66 %)

4.6

<0.001

2.19–9.55

 Rhabdomyolysis

85 (56 %)

1.44

0.27

0.76–2.73

 Acute kidney injury

60 (39 %)

1.02

0.944

0.53–1.96

 Hypotension

45 (30 %)

2.15

0.037

1.05–4.4

 Hyperkalaemia

37 (24 %)

2.86

0.009

1.29–6.34

 Hypertriglyceridaemia

37 (24 %)

1.79

0.132

0.84–3.83

 Cardiac failure

35 (23 %)

1.17

0.4

0.55–2.49

 Fever

29 (19 %)

8.25

<0.001

2.71–25.15

 Abnormal liver function test

20 (13 %)

0.94

0.899

0.37–2.4

 Discolouration of urine

16 (11 %)

2.27

0.148

0.75–6.87

 Hepatomegaly or fatty liver

16 (11 %)

4.73

0.019

1.29–17.36

 Pulmonary oedema

4 (3 %)

N/A

N/A

N/A

  1. aMissing sex in 19 (12 %) patients
  2. bMissing value for propofol dose in 25 (16 %) patients
  3. cMissing value for duration in 3 (2 %) patients
  4. CI Confidence interval, ECG Electrocardiograph, N/A Not available