Table 1 Comparisons of demographics and clinical features in survivors and non-survivors (n = 91)

Demographics

Male, n (%)

32

(45.7)

11

(52.4)

0.591

Age, years, median (IQR)

60.6

(48.1 − 73.9)

65.3

(58.8 − 74.3)

0.451

Clinical features known at status epilepticus onset

ᅟStatus epilepticus etiology grouped according to the ILAE¹, n (%)

0.241*

ᅟAcute symptomatic seizures

37

(52.9)

14

(66.7)

ᅟRemote symptomatic unprovoked seizures

8

(11.4)

4

(19.1)

ᅟSymptomatic seizures due to progressive central nervous system disorders

5

(7.1)

1

(4.8)

ᅟUnprovoked seizures of unknown etiology

20

(28.6

2

(9.5)

ᅟInfectious etiologies of status epilepticus

5

(7.1)

1

(4.8)

ᅟSTESS² at status epilepticus onset, median (IQR)

3

(2 − 4)

4

(4 − 6)

<0.001

ᅟSTESS² characteristics

ᅟᅟStuporous/comatose, n (%)

38

(54.3)

16

(76.2)

ᅟᅟWorst seizure type, n (%)

ᅟᅟᅟSimple partial/complex/absence

36

(51.4)

5

(23.8)

ᅟᅟᅟGeneralized convulsive

13

(18.6)

1

(4.8)

ᅟᅟᅟNonconvulsive status epilepticus in coma

21

(30.0)

15

(71.4)

ᅟᅟAge ≥65 years, n (%)

31

(44.3)

12

(57.1)

ᅟᅟNo history of seizures, n (%)

43

(61.4)

16

(76.2)

ᅟCharlson comorbidity index, median (IQR)

2

(1 − 3)

4

(3 − 6)

<0.001

Laboratory findings

ᅟProcalcitonin serum level at status epilepticus onset, μg/L, median (IQR)

0.18

(0.08 − 0.41)

0.58

(0.12 − 1.27)

0.009

ᅟC-reactive protein serum level at status epilepticus onset, mg/L, median (IQR)

18.9

(3.7 − 47.7)

26.6

(17.1 − 54.7)

0.151

ᅟAlbumin serum level at status epilepticus onset, g/L, median (IQR)

29

(24 − 34)

27

(20 − 30)

0.050

Course of status epilepticus

ᅟStatus epilepticus duration, days, median (IQR)

1

(0.5 − 2)

2

(1 − 4)

ᅟComplications during status epilepticus

ᅟᅟInfections, n (%)

18

(25.7)

10

(47.6)

0.065*

ᅟᅟRespiratory tract infections, n (%)

16

(22.9)

8

(38.1)

ᅟᅟBlood stream infections, n (%)

4

(5.7)

2

(9.5)

ᅟᅟUrinary tract infections, n (%)

2

(2.8)

3

(14.3)

ᅟᅟHemodynamic instability requiring vasopressors, n (%)

5

(7.1)

4

(19.1)

Treatment during status epilepticus

ᅟAntiepileptic drugs, median (IQR)

3

(2 − 4)

4

(3 − 5)

0.423

ᅟUse of anesthetic drugs, n (%)

34

(48.6)

15

(71.4)

0.083*

ᅟMechanical ventilation, n (%)

41

(58.6)

18

(85.7)

0.035*