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Table 1 Characteristics of patients identified with severe sepsis by physician diagnosis, consensus criteria, or both

From: Discordant identification of pediatric severe sepsis by research and clinical definitions in the SPROUT international point prevalence study

Characteristic

Physician diagnosis

Both criteria

Consensus criteria

p value*

N

137

301

266

 

Age (yr)

1 (0.5–7)

3 (0.7–10)

3 (0.7–11)

0.03

Sex, n (%)

   

0.74

 Male

76 (55)

164 (55)

138 (52)

 

 Female

61 (45)

137 (45)

128 (48)

 

Comorbid conditions, n (%)

    

 Respiratory

54 (39)

73 (24)

99 (37)

0.001

 Gastrointestinal

40 (29)

62 (21)

79 (30)

0.03

 Cardiovascular

34 (25)

62 (21)

74 (28)

0.13

 Genetic

35 (26)

54 (18)

61 (23)

0.14

 Hematologic/immunologic

28 (20)

69 (23)

45 (17)

0.21

 Neuromuscular

11 (8)

37 (12)

60 (23)

<0.001

 Neoplastic

18 (13)

51 (17)

29 (11)

0.11

 Prematurity

37 (12)

24 (18)

39 (15)

0.35

 Metabolic

17 (12)

28 (9)

34 (13)

0.38

 Renal

15 (11)

24 (8)

31 (12)

0.31

 Solid organ/stem cell transplant

8 (6)

28 (9)

26 (10)

0.39

Comorbid conditions, n (%)

   

<0.001

 None

30 (22)

85 (28)

43 (16)

 

 1

21 (15)

77 (26)

64 (24)

 

  ≥ 2

86 (63)

21 (15)

159 (60)

 

Admission POPC, n (%)

   

0.13

 Good performance

70 (51)

170 (56)

120 (45)

 

 Mild disability

26 (19)

44 (15)

41 (15)

 

 Moderate disability

22 (16)

44 (15)

46 (17)

 

 Severe disability or coma

19 (14)

43 (14)

59 (22)

 

PIM-3 scorea

3.6 (1.4–5.5)

4.4 (1.9–9.2)

4.3 (1.8–9.9)

<0.001

PELOD scoreb

10 (1–11)

11 (2–13)

11 (2–12)

<0.001

Source of admission, n (%)

   

0.86

 Emergency departmentc

41 (30)

89 (30)

78 (29)

 

 Hospital floor

39 (29)

92 (31)

66 (25)

 

 Operating room

12 (9)

28 (9)

22 (8)

 

 Other hospitald

39 (28)

77 (26)

89 (33)

 

Organ dysfunction at sepsis recognitione

    

 Cardiovascular

51 (37)

182 (61)

106 (40)

<0.001

 Respiratory

88 (64)

211 (70)

197 (74)

0.12

 Renal

5 (4)

19 (6)

7 (3)

0.10

 Hepatic

2 (1)

16 (5)

6 (2)

0.07

 Hematologic

4 (3)

49 (16)

24 (9)

<0.001

 Neurologic

9 (7)

28 (9)

33 (12)

0.17

Primary site of infection, n (%)

    

 Respiratory

60 (44)

101 (34)

127 (48)

0.002

 Primary bloodstream

25 (18)

82 (27)

26 (10)

<0.001

 Abdominal

15 (11)

31 (10)

16 (6)

0.11

 Central nervous system

3 (2)

9 (3)

16 (6)

0.11

 Genitourinary

7 (5)

12 (4)

9 (3)

0.67

 Skin

4 (3)

16 (5)

4 (2)

0.04

 Other

6 (4)

16 (5)

13 (5)

0.95

 Unknown

17 (12)

34 (11)

55 (21)

0.006

Microbiology,f,g n (%)

    

 Gram-positive bacteria

39 (28)

90 (30)

60 (23)

0.13

 Gram-negative bacteria

27 (20)

95 (32)

63 (24)

0.02

 Fungus

9 (7)

39 (13)

37 (14)

0.07

 Virus

35 (26)

50 (17)

69 (26)

0.01

 No organism identified

50 (36)

95 (32)

101 (38)

0.25

  1. Data are presented as median (IQR) unless otherwise noted
  2. POPC Pediatric Overall Performance Category, ScvO2 central venous oxygen saturation, PIM-3 Pediatric Index of Mortality-3, PELOD Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction, PICU pediatric intensive care unit
  3. *Statistical comparisons using Kruskal-Wallis or Fisher’s exact test
  4. aPIM-3 measured at time of PICU admission
  5. bPELOD score calculated from data within a 48-h time window around the study day (9:00 am before to 9:00 am after the study day)
  6. cEmergency department at the same hospital as the PICU
  7. dOther hospital includes emergency department at another hospital
  8. eBased on organ dysfunction criteria defined by the International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference [6]
  9. fCategories do not add up to 100 %, as some infections were polymicrobial
  10. gSources of positive isolates included blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, respiratory (nasopharynx, tracheal, bronchoalveolar lavage), stool, wound, and other normally sterile body fluids (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)
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