Table 3 Administrative and clinical outcomes by fluid cohort
Outcome/Complication | Saline | Balanced | Unadjusted odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) | Adjusted odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 1558) % (n) | (n = 1558) % (n) | |||
Administrative outcomes | ||||
 Cardiac | 8.66 (135) | 4.43 (69) | 0.488 (0.362–0.659) | 0.51 (0.378–0.689) |
 Hemorrhage | 0.71 (11) | 0.51 (8) | 0.726 (0.291–1.809) | 0.781 (0.311–1.961) |
 Infectious | 10.14 (158) | 6.03 (94) | 0.569 (0.436–0.742) | 0.618 (0.471–0.809) |
 Gastrointestinal | 5.46 (85) | 5.13 (80) | 0.938 (0.685–1.284) | 0.969 (0.707–1.328) |
 Neurologic | 1.16 (18) | 0.83 (13) | 0.72 (0.352–1.474) | 0.817 (0.395–1.69) |
 Acute renal failure | 4.36 (68) | 3.34 (52) | 0.757 (0.524–1.093) | 0.917 (0.625–1.344) |
 Respiratory failure | 5.46 (85) | 3.47 (54) | 0.622 (0.439–0.882) | 0.692 (0.485–0.986) |
 New organ failure | 9.11 (142) | 7.12 (111) | 0.765 (0.59–0.991) | 0.872 (0.667–1.141) |
Clinical outcomes | ||||
 Hospital mortality | 3.27 (51) | 1.03 (16) | 0.307 (0.174–0.54) | 0.378 (0.211–0.676) |
 30-day readmissions | 9.5 (148) | 7.64 (119) | 0.788 (0.612–1.014) | 0.802 (0.622–1.032) |
 60-day readmissions | 13.54 (211) | 10.91 (170) | 0.782 (0.63–0.97) | 0.798 (0.643–0.991) |
 90-day readmissions | 16.56 (258) | 12.58 (196) | 0.725 (0.593–0.886) | 0.741 (0.606–0.907) |
Cardiac | ||||
 Dysrhythmia | 10.65 (166) | 6.87 (107) | 0.618 (0.48–0.797) | 0.649 (0.502–0.838) |
 Cardiac stress | 6.42 (100) | 2.05 (32) | 0.306 (0.204–0.458) | 0.341 (0.226–0.515) |
 Heart failure | 4.04 (63) | 1.48 (23) | 0.356 (0.219–0.576) | 0.401 (0.246–0.653) |
Hemorrhage/Hematologic | ||||
 Coagulopathya | 11.09 (150) | 7.71 (106) | 0.67 (0.516–0.87) | 0.717 (0.55–0.934) |
 Received blood transfusion | 2.92 (46) | 2.27 (36) | 0.777 (0.5–1.209) | 0.851 (0.544–1.33) |
 Bleeding | 20.09 (313) | 19.96 (311) | 0.992 (0.832–1.182) | 1.074 (0.897–1.286) |
Infectious | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Pneumonia | 6.03 (94) | 2.12 (33) | 0.337 (0.225–0.504) | 0.393 (0.259–0.596) |
 Sepsis | 10.53 (164) | 5.65 (88) | 0.509 (0.389–0.666) | 0.568 (0.431–0.75) |
 Urinary tract infection | 5.91 (92) | 4.69 (73) | 0.783 (0.571–1.074) | 0.904 (0.653–1.252) |
 Line infection | 0.77 (12) | 0 | - | - |
Gastrointestinal | ||||
 Cholecystitis | 4.75 (74) | 3.53 (55) | 0.734 (0.514–1.048) | 0.836 (0.58–1.203) |
Renal | ||||
 Acute kidney injury | 5.46 (85) | 4.43 (69) | 0.803 (0.580–1.112) | 0.920 (0.658–1.286) |
Electrolyte abnormalities | ||||
 Low magnesium with replacement | 4.36 (68) | 2.12 (33) | 0.474 (0.311–0.723) | 0.546 (0.355–0.84) |
 High magnesium | 4.36 (68) | 3.4 (53) | 0.772 (0.535–1.113) | 0.95 (0.647–1.393) |
 Low potassium with replacement | 14.12 (220) | 7.51 (117) | 0.494 (0.39–0.625) | 0.551 (0.429–0.706) |
 High potassium | 9.44 (147) | 6.87 (107) | 0.708 (0.546–0.918) | 0.813 (0.621–1.066) |
 Low sodium | 39.41 (614) | 30.62 (477) | 0.678 (0.585–0.787) | 0.707 (0.608–0.822) |
 High sodium | 7 (109) | 6.03 (94) | 0.854 (0.642–1.135) | 1.004 (0.746–1.351) |
 Low calcium with replacement | 1.28 (20) | 0.96 (15) | 0.748 (0.381–1.466) | 1.052 (0.517–2.14) |
Metabolic acidosis | ||||
 Lactic (pH and lactate) | 0.71 (11) | 0.26 (4) | 0.362 (0.115–1.139) | 0.528 (0.161–1.728) |
 Metabolic (pH and bicarbonate) | 2.76 (43) | 1.22 (19) | 0.435 (0.252–0.75) | 0.617 (0.342–1.115) |
 Hyperchloremic (pH and chloride) | 3.47 (54) | 1.22 (19) | 0.344 (0.203–0.583) | 0.449 (0.256–0.786) |