Table 1 Matched baseline hospital and patient characteristics for balanced and saline cohorts
Patient demographics | Saline | Balanced | P value (two-sided) |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 1558 | n = 1558 | ||
Age groupa | Â | Â | 0.43 |
 18–35 | 16.88 (263) | 17.97 (280) | |
 36–50 | 19.06 (297) | 19.45 (303) | |
 51–64 | 25.8 (402) | 27.15 (423) | |
 65–80 | 27.54 (429) | 26.44 (412) | |
 80+ | 10.72 (167) | 8.99 (140) | |
Gender | Â | Â | 0.13 |
 Male | 44.09 (687) | 41.46 (646) | |
 Female | 55.91 (871) | 58.54 (912) | |
Race | Â | Â | 0.56 |
 Black | 11.62 (181) | 10.46 (163) | |
 Other | 14.44 (225) | 14.25 (222) | |
 White | 73.94 (1152) | 75.29 (1173) | |
Bed size | Â | Â | 0.06 |
 0–199 | 9.88 (154) | 9.18 (143) | |
 200–399 | 39.99 (623) | 44.22 (689) | |
 400+ | 50.13 (781) | 46.6 (726) | |
Admission source | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Emergency | 1.03 (16) | 0.71 (11) | |
 Healthcare facility | 5.07 (79) | 7.83 (122) | |
 Non-healthcare facility | 71.69 (1117) | 74.01 (1153) | |
 Other/Unknown | 22.21 (346) | 17.46 (272) | |
Admission type | Â | Â | 0.09 |
 Elective | 52.37 (816) | 56.1 (874) | |
 Emergency | 47.37 (738) | 43.77 (682) | |
 Other/Unknown | 0.26 (4) | 0.13 (2) | |
Payor | Â | Â | 0.03 |
 Commercial | 13.22 (206) | 16.56 (258) | |
 Medicare/Medicaid | 37.48 (584) | 37.03 (577) | |
 Other | 49.29 (768) | 46.41 (723) | |
Urban | Â | Â | 0.09 |
 Yes | 98.27 (1531) | 98.97 (1542) | |
 No | 1.73 (27) | 1.03 (16) | |
Teaching | Â | Â | 0.09 |
 Yes | 85.43 (1331) | 87.48 (1363) | |
 No | 14.57 (227) | 12.52 (195) | |
Census region | Â | Â | 0.002 |
 Northeast | 65.53 (1021) | 59.82 (932) | |
 South | 10.85 (169) | 11.3 (176) | |
 West | 23.62 (368) | 28.88 (450) | |
Patients with surgical proceduresb | 15.53 (242) | 14.96 (233) | 0.65 |
 Congestive heart failure | 3.85 (60) | 2.37 (37) | 0.02 |
 Valvular heart disease | 1.93 (30) | 1.22 (19) | 0.11 |
 Pulmonary circulation disease | 0.26 (4) | 0.26 (4) | 1.00 |
 Peripheral vascular disease | 2.82 (44) | 2.57 (40) | 0.67 |
 Paralysis | 0.9 (14) | 0.77 (12) | 0.69 |
 Other neurological disorders | 3.27 (51) | 3.15 (49) | 0.84 |
 Chronic pulmonary disease | 7.96 (124) | 9.11 (142) | 0.25 |
 Diabetes w/o chronic complications | 7 (109) | 7.96 (124) | 0.31 |
 Diabetes w/chronic complications | 1.86 (29) | 1.28 (20) | 0.20 |
 Hypothyroidism | 3.15 (49) | 3.98 (62) | 0.21 |
 Renal failure | 2.95 (46) | 2.25 (35) | 0.22 |
 Liver disease | 0.96 (15) | 1.48 (23) | 0.19 |
 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome | 0.19 (3) | 0.19 (3) | 1.00 |
 Lymphoma | 1.03 (16) | 0.39 (6) | 0.03 |
 Metastatic cancer | 0.64 (10) | 0.77 (12) | 0.67 |
 Solid tumor w/o metastasis | 1.73 (27) | 1.8 (28) | 0.89 |
 Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vas | 2.7 (42) | 1.73 (27) | 0.07 |
 Coagulopathy | 1.09 (17) | 1.35 (21) | 0.51 |
 Obesity | 7.12 (111) | 8.66 (135) | 0.11 |
 Weight loss | 1.93 (30) | 1.41 (22) | 0.26 |
 Chronic blood loss anemia | 1.28 (20) | 1.35 (21) | 0.88 |
 Deficiency anemias | 4.24 (66) | 5.01 (78) | 0.31 |
 Alcohol abuse | 1.93 (30) | 2.12 (33) | 0.70 |
 Drug abuse | 1.6 (25) | 1.35 (21) | 0.55 |
 Psychoses | 1.22 (19) | 1.48 (23) | 0.53 |
 Depression | 7.64 (119) | 7.25 (113) | 0.68 |
 Hypertension | 17.2 (268) | 22.08 (344) | <0.001 |