From: Echocardiography for adult patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Left ventricle | |
Morphology | Size, wall thickness |
Systolic function | Ejection fraction (Simpson’s method) or FAC |
Wall motion abnormalities | |
S wave at mitral annulus | |
Velocity time integral in LVOT | |
Diastolic function | E/A ratio (trans-mitral flow) |
E/e’ ratio at mitral annulus | |
Left atrium | Size and volume |
Valvular assessment | Diagnosis and quantification of potential aortic/mitral regurgitation/stenosis |
Right ventricle | |
Morphology | RV end diastolic area/LV end diastolic area |
Triangular shape versus rounded shape of apex | |
RV wall thickness | |
McConnell’s sign | |
Systolic function | TAPSE, tissue Doppler at tricuspid annulus, S wave |
Fractional area of change | |
Pulse wave Doppler through pulmonary valve (acceleration time/biphasic pattern) | |
Diastolic function | E/A trans-tricuspid flow |
Interventricular septum | Presence of paradoxical septum |
Eccentricity index | |
Tricuspid regurgitation | Estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure |
Valvular pathology | |
Right atrium | Size and volume |
Other | |
Patent foramen ovale | Color flow Doppler ± bubble study |
IVC/SVC (if TEE) | Size and respiratory variation |
Right atrium | Dilated coronary sinus |
Chiari network | |
Vascular | Thrombosis/stenosis/aortic dissection/severe atheroma |