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Table 4 Relationship of medical and neurological complications to in-hospital mortality

From: Subarachnoid hemorrhage: who dies, and why?

   

Univariate/Unadjusted

Multivariate/Adjusteda

 

Survivors

Non-survivors

OR

95 % CI

P value

OR

95 % CI

P value

Fever >101.5 F

480 (49)

137 (63)

1.9

1.4–2.6

0.000

0.8

0.5–1.3

0.35

Hyperglycemia, >200 mg/dl

408 (42)

143 (66)

2.9

2.1–4.0

0.000

1.1

0.7–1.8

0.76

Hydrocephalus requiring EVD or VPS

289 (29)

142 (66)

4.7

3.5–6.5

0.417

1.4

0.9–2.2

0.15

Anemia requiring transfusion

319 (32)

75 (35)

1.1

0.8–1.6

0.000

0.7

0.45–1.0

0.10

Global cerebral edema

205 (21)

107 (50)

3.7

2.8–5.2

0.000

1.8

1.1–2.9

0.02

New infarct on CT scan

233 (24)

78 (36)

2.0

1.5–2.8

0.000

0.7

0.4–1.1

0.09

ICP crisis or herniationa

153 (16)

106 (49)

5.7

4.0–7.9

0.000

2.5

1.4–3.7

0.00

Hypotension, <90 mm Hgb

160 (16)

122 (57)

6.7

4.9–9.2

0.000

3.4

2.2–5.3

0.00

Pneumonia

191 (19)

67 (31)

1.9

1.4–2.7

0.000

0.6

0.4–1.0

0.06

Hypernatremia, >150 mEq/l

151 (15)

99 (46)

5.1

3.6–7.1

0.000

2.1

1.3–3.4

0.00

Urinary tract infection

226 (23)

13 (6)

0.2

0.1–0.4

0.881

0.1

0.0–0.2

0.00

Clinical deterioration from vasospasm

170 (17)

36 (17)

0.9

0.7–1.4

0.000

0.9

0.6–1.6

0.81

Pulmonary edema

137 (14)

68 (32)

2.9

2.0–4.1

0.000

1.3

0.8–2.0

0.33

Herniation

62 (6)

106 (50)

15.3

10.5–22.1

0.052

8.3

4.9–14.3

0.00

Hyponatremia, <130 mEq/l

140 (14)

20 (9)

0.6

0.4–1.0

0.010

0.5

0.3–0.96

0.04

Sepsis/Bacteremia

91 (9)

32 (15)

1.8

1.1–2.7

0.000

1.4

0.79–2.4

0.26

Arrhythmia

71 (7)

49 (23)

3.7

2.5–5.6

0.000

1.6

0.9–2.8

0.09

Aneurysm rebleeding

54 (6)

64 (30)

6.9

4.6–10.4

0.000

3.5

1.9–5.9

0.00

Congestive heart failure

62 (6)

39 (18)

3.3

2.1–5.1

0.001

2.2

1.3–3.8

0.00

Seizures

55 (6)

25 (12)

2.3

1.4–3.8

0.068

1.6

0.8–3.0

0.20

Delayed cerebral ischemia

 Symptomatic vasospasm without infarct

104 (11)

14 (7)

0.6

0.3–1.0

0.095

0.5

0.3–1.0

0.06

 Symptomatic vasospasm with infarct

64 (7)

21 (10)

1.5

0.9–2.6

0.004

1.9

1.0–3.7

0.07

 No symptomatic vasospasm with infarct

23 (2)

13 (6)

2.7

1.3–5.4

0.000

2.2

0.8–5.8

0.13

  Non-neurogenic myocardial ischemia

46 (5)

43 (20)

5.1

3.3–8.1

0.000

2.8

1.6–5.1

0.00

  Hepatic injury, AST or ALT >200 mg/dl

24 (2)

22 (10)

4.6

2.5–8.4

0.000

2.5

1.2–5.3

0.01

  GI bleeding requiring transfusion

19 (2)

14 (7)

3.5

1.7–7.1

0.000

1.7

0.7–4.3

0.27

  1. Values are presented as number (percentage)
  2. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, EVD external ventricular drain, VPS ventriculoperitoneal shunt, CT computed tomography, ICP intracranial pressure, AST aspartate transaminase, ALT alanine transaminase, GI gastrointestinal
  3. Adjusted ORs for in-hospital mortality are calculated individually for each complication after adjustment for admission mortality predictors (Table 3). See reference [9] for complete definitions
  4. aTreated with osmotherapy
  5. bTreated with vasopressors