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Table 2 Baseline characteristics related to in-hospital mortality

From: Subarachnoid hemorrhage: who dies, and why?

 

Entire cohort

Survivors

Non-survivors

 
 

N = 1200

N = 984

N = 216

P

Demographics

 Age

55 ± 15

53 ± 14

60 ± 16

0.000

 Female gender

807 (67)

661 (67)

146 (68)

0.906

 Non-white

601 (50)

491 (50)

110 (51)

0.903

Medical history

 Hypertension

542 (45)

421 (43)

121 (56)

0.000

 Diabetes

89 (7)

76 (8)

13 (6)

0.916

 Cigarette use in the last 6 months

669 (56)

577 (59)

91 (42)

0.690

 Alcohol use in the last 6 months

652 (54)

587 (60)

65 (30)

0.000

 Coronary artery disease

52 (4)

34 (4)

18 (8)

0.000

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

61 (5)

44 (5)

17 (8)

0.004

Admission clinical features

 Loss of consciousness at ictus

458 (38)

307 (31)

151 (70)

0.000

 Tonic-clonic activity at ictus

130 (11)

96 (10)

34 (16)

0.002

 Sentinel headache

203 (17)

162 (17)

41 (20)

0.032

 Admission Glasgow Coma Scale score

14 (8–15)

15 (12–15)

5 (3–9)

0.000

 Admission Hunt-Hess grade

   

0.000

  1. Mild headache

342 (29)

330 (34)

12 (6)

 

  2. Severe headache

186 (16)

180 (18)

6 (3)

 

  3. Lethargy or confusion

319 (27)

289 (29)

30 (14)

 

  4. Stupor

173 (14)

132 (13)

41 (19)

 

  5. Coma

180 (15)

53 (5)

127 (59)

 

Admission imaging findings

 Modified Fisher Score

   

0.000

  0. No blood

66 (6)

61 (6)

5 (2)

 

  1. Focal or diffuse thin SAH

337 (28)

320 (33)

17 (8)

 

  2. Focal or diffuse thin SAH with bilateral IVH

106 (9)

82 (8)

24 (11)

 

  3. Focal or diffuse thick SAH

415 (35)

346 (35)

69 (32)

 

  4. Focal or diffuse thick SAH with bilateral IVH

246 (21)

148 (15)

98 (45)

 

 SAH sum scorea

15 (7–21)

13 (6–20)

20 (15–25)

0.000

 IVH sum scoreb

1 (0–4)

0 (0–3)

4 (1–9)

0.000

 ICH present

199 (17)

126 (13)

73 (34)

0.000

 Global cerebral edema

210 (18)

137 (14)

73 (34)

0.000

 Hydrocephalus (bicaudate index >0.2)

350 (29)

271 (28)

79 (37)

0.000

Aneurysm characteristics

   

0.000

 Anterior cerebral artery

318 (26)

275 (28)

43 (20)

 

 Internal carotid artery (includes P-comm)

322 (27)

277 (28)

45 (21)

 

 Middle cerebral artery

170 (14)

142 (14)

28 (13)

 

 Vertebrobasilar system

183 (15)

153 (16)

30 (14)

 

 No aneurysm identified

140 (12)

134 (14)

6 (3)

 

 No angiogram performed

67 (6)

3 (0.3)

64 (30)

 

 Aneurysm diameter, mm

7 [5–10]

7 [5–10]

10 (6–15)

0.000

 Multiple aneurysms

295 (25)

256 (26)

39 (18)

0.954

Admission physiology

 Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg

156 [132–180]

154 [132–178]

164 (131–196)

0.003

 Glucose level, mg/dl

142 [118–176]

136 [115–165]

180 [139–241]

0.000

 Troponin level, ng/dl

0.26 [0.02–0.3]

0.1 [0.02–0.3]

0.3 [0.02–1.6]

0.000

 APACHE physiological subscorec

5 [3–8]

5 [3–7)]

9 [6–12]

0.000

  1. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median [interquartile range], or number (percentage within each column).
  2. SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage, IVH intraventricular hemorrhage, ICH intracerebral hemorrhage, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation
  3. aScale 0 = no blood, 30 = complete filling of all cisterns and fissures
  4. bScale 0 = no IVH, 12 = complete filling of all ventricles
  5. cScale 0 = no physiological derangement, 44 = maximal physiological derangeme
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