Table 4 Multivariate analysis for factors associated with subsequent shock in emergency medical service resuscitation in patients with initial nonshockable rhythms

Age

0.98 (0.97–0.98)

<0.0001

Male

0.85 (0.70–1.03)

0.11

Public location

1.12 (0.89–1.41)

0.34

Witnessed arrest

1.37 (1.12–1.66)

0.0018

Bystander CPR

0.90 (0.73–1.10)

0.30

Call–response interval

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

0.13

Initial rhythm PEA

2.67 (2.19–3.25)

<0.0001

Etiology

 Cardiac (reference)

1

 Asphyxia

0.30 (0.21–0.43)

<0.0001

 Trauma

0.09 (0.05–0.18)

<0.0001

 Aortic disease

0.46 (0.29–0.71)

0.00047

 Drowning

0.53 (0.29–0.95)

0.0330

 Cerebrovascular disease

0.40 (0.22–0.75)

0.0044

 Drug overdose

0.44 (0.14–1.42)

0.17

 Others or unknown

0.47 (0.37–0.60)

<0.0001