| |
Subsequently
|
Subsequently
| |
|---|
|
Not Shockeda
|
Shockedb
|
|---|
| |
(n = 10,960)
|
(n = 521)
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
71.2 (16.9)
|
68.0 (16.5)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Sex (% male)
|
58.5
|
65.3
|
0.0024
|
|
Public location (%)
|
18.8
|
20.9
|
0.24
|
|
Witnessed arrest (%)
|
42.2
|
54.5
|
<0.0001
|
|
Bystander CPR (%)
|
30.7
|
28.1
|
0.21
|
|
Call–response interval (minutes)
|
8.0 (3.6)
|
8.2 (3.8)
|
0.18
|
|
Initial rhythm PEA (n (%))
|
2455 (22.4)
|
229 (44.0)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Initial rhythm asystole (n (%))
|
8505 (77.6)
|
292 (56.0)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Shock delivery time (minutes)
|
–
|
13.0 (9.8)
|
N/A
|
|
Etiology (n (%))
| | | |
|
Cardiac
|
4748 (43.3)
|
331 (63.5)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Noncardiac
|
6212 (56.7)
|
190 (36.5)
| |
|
Asphyxia
|
1469(13.4)
|
39 (7.5)
| |
|
Trauma
|
928 (8.5)
|
11 (2.1)
| |
|
Aortic disease
|
569 (5.2)
|
24 (4.6)
| |
|
Drowning
|
447 (4.1)
|
12 (2.3)
| |
|
Cerebrovascular disease
|
267 (2.4)
|
11 (2.1)
| |
|
Drug overdose
|
72 (0.7)
|
3 (0.6)
| |
|
Others or unknown
|
2460 (22.2)
|
90 (17.3)
| |
- Data are mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables. P values calculated using the t test and the chi-square test
-
aPatients who had initially nonshockable rhythms and received no shock(s) during EMS resuscitation
-
bPatients who had initially nonshockable arrest rhythms and subsequently received shock(s) owing to conversion to shockable rhythms during EMS resuscitation
-
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, EMS emergency medical service, N/A not available, PEA pulseless electrical activity
