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Table 1 Description of the three cohorts of patients

From: Development of metabolic and inflammatory mediator biomarker phenotyping for early diagnosis and triage of pediatric sepsis

Descriptive variable

PICU sepsis cohort

ED sepsis cohort

ED control cohort

 

2–5 yr

6–17 yr

2–5 yr

6–17 yr

2–5 yr

6–17 yr

 

(n =36)

(n =58)

(n =43)

(n =38)

(n =25)

(n =38)

Age (mo)

39 (13.8)

138 (45)

37 (12.9)

131 (47)

45 (13)

133 (46)

Males

18 (50 %)

34 (59 %)

20 (47 %)

18 (47 %)

16 (64 %)

28 (74 %)

Weight (kg)

14.4 (4.5)

40.2 (20.5)

15.6 (3.4)

41.3 (22.5)

17.2 (3.0)

45.7 (17.6)

Underlying comorbidity

    

N/A

N/A

 Neuromuscular

10 (28 %)

21 (36 %)

3 (7 %)

4 (11 %)

 Cardiac

9 (25 %)

7 (12 %)

0

1 (3 %)

 Respiratory

5 (14 %)

12 (21 %)

2 (5 %)

0

PRISM III score

11 (9); 10 [2–18]

8 (7); 7 [3–11]

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

PELOD score

16.7 (9.4); 13 [11–22]

11.5 (7.6); 12 [10–13]

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

WBC count (109/Litre)

12.9 (10.3)

13.6 (8,7)

12.8 (7.9); n =39

13.7 (7.2)

N/A

N/A

Platelet count (109/Litre)

185 (124)

191 (127)

277 (99); n =39

252 (93)

N/A

N/A

Creatinine (μmol/L)

53 (48)

60 (39)

28 (7); n =30

47 (19); n =30

N/A

N/A

Lactate (mmol/L)

2.1 (1.9)

2.4 (2.5)

1.3 [1.2–1.6]; n =13

1.2 [1.0–2.0]; n =8

N/A

N/A

Lowest SBP (mmHg)

77 (13)

92 (17)

96 (13)

106 (11)

104 (14)

121 (12)

Lowest MAP (mmHg)

54 (8)

63 (13)

–

–

–

–

pH

7.3 (0.1)

7.3 (0.1)

–

–

–

–

Sepsis developed after first PICU day

6 (17 %)

4 (7 %)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Site of infection

    

N/A

N/A

 Pneumonia without microbiological confirmation

21 (58 %)

28 (48 %)

23 (53 %)

11 (29 %)

–

–

 Microbiologically confirmed (culture positive)

15 (42 %)a

30 (52 %)b

12 (28 %)c

19 (50 %)d

–

–

 Clinically diagnosed

0 (0 %)

0 (0 %)

8 (19 %)c

8 (21 %)d

–

–

Mechanical ventilation on first day

27 (75 %)

38 (67 %)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Inotrope/vasopressor infusion on first day

20 (56 %)

34 (57 %)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Duration of mechanical ventilation after enrollment (days)

n =28

n =42

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

(78 %)

(69 %)

10 [5–13]

6 [3–8]

PICU length of stay after enrollment (days)

<2 days: 2 (6 %)

<2 days: 4 (7 %)

Hospital stay

Hospital stay

N/A

N/A

8 [3–15]

7 [3–10]

4 [3, 5]; n =20

4 [3, 6]; n =19

RRT

4 (11 %)

2 (4 %)

0

0

N/A

N/A

ECLS therapy

6 (17 %)

4 (7 %)

0

0

N/A

N/A

PICU mortality

1 (3 %)

1 (2 %)

0

0

0

0

  1. Abbreviations: ECLS extracorporeal life support, MAP mean arterial pressure, N/A not applicable, PELOD pediatric logistic organ dysfunction, PICU pediatric intensive care unit, PRISM Pediatric Risk of Mortality, RRT renal replacement therapy, SBP systolic blood pressure; WBC white blood cells
  2. Results are given as n (%) or mean (SD) or median [IQR].
  3. aSites of infection included meningitis (n =2), bacteremia (n =7), empyema (n =4), mediastinitis (n =1), and peritonitis (n =3)
  4. bSites of infection included meningitis (n =9), bacteremia (n =12), empyema (n =3), peritonitis (n =7), and fasciitis (n =1)
  5. cSites of infection included microbiologically confirmed meningitis (n =3), bacteremia (n =1), peritonitis (n =2), urinary tract infection (n =4), and Streptococcus pyogenes throat culture (n =2) and clinically diagnosed otitis media with draining ear or mastoiditis (n =3), cellulitis (n =2), cervical adenitis (n =1), and other (n =2)
  6. dSites of infection included microbiologically confirmed bacteremia (n =3), peritonitis (n =7), urinary tract infection (n =4), otitis media with S. pyogenes throat infection (n =5), clinically diagnosed otitis media with mastoiditis (n =2), osteomyelitis (n =1), pelvic abscess (n =1), toxic shock syndrome (n =1), and other (3)