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Table 3 Comparison of patient characteristics, severity at ICU admission, microbiological data, and therapeutic measures between survivors and non-survivors after ICU admission for bacterial meningitis (n=157)

From: Rifampin use in acute community-acquired meningitis in intensive care units: the French retrospective cohort ACAM-ICU study

Characteristics

Non-survivors

Survivors

p Value

n=23

n=134

 

Demographics

 

IQR

 

IQR

 

 Age, yr

65

[40.6–74.3]

41

[28.7–59.1]

0.003

 Female sex

4/23

17.4 %

56/134

41.8 %

0.035

 Immunosuppression

9/23

39.1 %

20/134

14.9 %

0.016

 Alcohol use disorder

7/23

30.4 %

11/132

8.3 %

0.007

 Asplenia

2/23

8.7 %

4/133

3.0 %

NS

 HIV infection

3/23

13.0 %

5/133

3.8 %

0.096

Severity at ICU admission

 Glasgow Coma Scale score

7

[4–9]

12

[9–15]

<10−3

 Mechanical ventilation

20/21

95.2 %

40/115

34.8 %

0.004

 Severe sepsis or septic shock

21/21

100.0 %

94/115

81.7 %

0.043

 SAPS II

64

[53–73]

27

[15–36]

<10−3

 LOD system

     

  Neurologic

21/21

100.0 %

61/115

53.0 %

<10−3

  Pulmonary

20/21

95.2 %

40/115

34.8 %

<10−3

  Hematologic

12/21

57.1 %

45/115

39.1 %

0.151

  Cardiovascular

12/21

57.1 %

38/115

33.0 %

0.048

  Renal

13/21

61.9 %

19/115

16.5 %

<10−3

  Hepatic

0/21

0.0 %

0/115

0.0 %

Microbiology

 CSF white cell count/mm3

1900

[290–4500]

1770

[494–5050]

NS

 CSF protein rate, g/L

8.4

[4.7–10.6]

3.1

[1.8–4.9]

<10−3

 Positive direct examination of CSF

17/22

77.3 %

84/130

64.6 %

NS

Streptococcus pneumoniae as causative bacterium

18/23

81.8 %

58/134

43.3 %

0.003

  Penicillin non-susceptible isolates

7/14

31.8 %

25/52

48.1 %

NS

Neisseria meningitidis as causative bacterium

1/23

4.5 %

43/134

32.1 %

0.005

Therapeutic measures

 Time between hospital admission and first dose of antibiotic (h)

4

[1.9–8.5]

2.4

[0.7–6]

0.102

 Association of antibiotics as initial therapy

22/23

95.7 %

97/134

72.4 %

0.016

 Treatment with rifampin during the hospitalization

2/23

8.7 %

30/134

22.4 %

0.168

 Early treatment with rifampin (within first 24 h)

0/23

0.0 %

19/134

14.2 %

0.078

 Treatment with vancomycin during hospitalization

20/23

87.0 %

78/134

58.2 %

0.01

 Early treatment with vancomycin (within first 24 h)

17/23

73.9 %

66/134

49.3 %

0.041

 Treatment with corticosteroids during hospitalization

18/23

78.3 %

87/134

64.9 %

NS

 Time between hospital admission and first dose of corticosteroids (h)

8

[5–13]

5.4

[1.7–9.5]

0.042

  1. SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, LOD Logistic Organ Dysfunction system
  2. Data are proportions of patients and percentages or median values [interquartile range]
  3. p Values <0.2 are detailed. p Values <0.05 were considered significant (bold)