Table 3 Changes in hydration determined by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with different magnitude changes in cumulative fluid balance

≥1-L positive fluid balance, n =26

 Cumulative fluid balance, ml

0 (0)

1385 (1205–2022)

1385 (1205–2022)

 Study day

0 (0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

 Central venous pressure, mmHg

12 (10–13)

12 (8–15)

0 (−3 to 3)

0.84

 Missing observations, n

7

7

7

 Lactate, mmol/L

2 (1.1–3.3)

1.7 (1.5–2.5)

−0.3 (−0.6, 0.4)

0.67

 BIVA hydration, %

73.8 (72.6–82.1)

79.7 (72.9–86.0)

1.5 (−0.8 to 7.0)

0.09

≥2-L positive fluid balance, n =13

 Cumulative fluid balance, ml

0 (0)

2419 (2196–2696)

2419 (2196–2696)

 Study day

0 (0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

 Central venous pressure, mmHg

12 (10–14)

13 (11–17)

1.5 (0–3)

0.14

 Missing observations, n

5

5

5

 Lactate, mmol/L

2.2 (1.2–3.7)

2 (1.7–2.4)

0.3 (0.2–0.7)

0.38

 BIVA hydration, %

73.1 (72.6–73.9)

73.8 (73.3–80.3)

0.7 (0–6.4)

0.09

≥1-L negative fluid balance, n =19

 Cumulative fluid balance, ml

0 (0)

−1553 (−2056 to -1297)

−1553 (−2056 to −1297)

 Study day

0 (0)

1.5 (0.5–2.5)

1.5 (0.5–2.5)

 Central venous pressure, mmHg

11 (10–14)

12 (9–15)

0 (-2.5, 2)

0.72

 Missing observations, n

3

3

3

 Lactate, mmol/L

1.5 (1.1–2.4)

1.6 (1.2–2.1)

0.1 (−0.4, 0.5)

0.88

 BIVA hydration, %

77.3 (73.0–89.0)

76.5 (73.0–85.2)

−0.3 (−4.5 to 0.7)

0.22

≥2-L negative fluid balance, n =15

 Cumulative fluid balance, ml

0 (0)

−2426 (−2606 to −2228)

-2426 (−2606 to −2228)

 Study day

0 (0)

1.5 (1.0–2.5)

1.5 (1.0–2.5)

 Central venous pressure, mmHg

11 (10–13)

10 (8–12)

−2 (−5, 0)

0.11

 Missing observations, n

2

2

2

 Lactate, mmol/L

2 (1.1–2.4)

1.5 (1.2–2.3)

−0.1 (−0.6, 0.3)

0.53

 BIVA hydration, %

77.3 (73.3–88.3)

73.9 (72.7–85.2)

−0.8 (−3.4 to −0.1)

0.02