Table 1 Characteristics of 57,110 ICU patients with and without pre-existing atrial fibrillation

Participants

5065 (8.9)

52,045 (91.1)

57,110 (100.0)

Male

3162 (62.4)

28,851 (55.4)

32,013 (56.1)

Age, yr, median (IQR)

75 (67–81)

62 (47–73)

64 (49–75)

Age groups

  15–55 yr

257 (5.1)

18,247 (35.1)

18,504 (32.4)

  55–71 yr

1534 (30.3)

17,212 (33.1)

18,746 (32.8)

  71–103 yr

3274 (64.6)

16,586 (31.9)

19,860 (34.8)

Comorbid conditions

  Prior myocardial infarction

1056 (20.1)

5082 (9.8)

6138 (10.8)

  Congestive heart failure

1714 (33.8)

3213 (6.2)

4927 (8.6)

  Peripheral artery disease

824 (16.3)

4874 (9.4)

5698 (10.0)

  Valvular heart disease

1215 (24.0)

3756 (7.2)

4971 (8.7)

  Hypertension

2457 (48.5)

10,997 (21.1)

13,454 (23.6)

  Angina pectoris

1506 (29.7)

7690 (14.8)

9196 (16.1)

  Chronic ischaemic heart disease

1724 (34.0)

6292 (12.1)

8016 (14.0)

  Cerebrovascular disease

1217 (24.0)

6386 (12.3)

7603 (13.3)

  Hemiplegia

35 (0.7)

420 (0.8)

455 (0.8)

  Transient cerebral ischaemic attack

359 (7.1)

1932 (3.7)

2291 (4.0)

  Dementia

109 (2.2)

542 (1.0)

651 (1.1)

  Chronic pulmonary disease

1336 (26.4)

7769 (14.9)

9105 (16.0)

  Connective tissue disease

360 (7.1)

2294 (4.4)

2654 (4.7)

  Moderate to severe liver disease

43 (0.8)

614 (1.2)

657 (1.1)

  Mild liver disease

117 (2.3)

1597 (3.1)

1714 (3.0)

  Diabetes

830 (16.4)

4748 (9.1)

5578 (9.8)

  Diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 with end-organ damage

522 (10.3)

2673 (5.1)

3195 (5.6)

  Moderate to severe renal disease

518 (10.2)

2110 (4.1)

2628 (4.5)

  Any tumour

967 (19.1)

8750 (16.8)

9717 (17.0)

  Leukaemia

27 (0.5)

330 (0.63)

357 (0.6)

  Lymphoma

90 (1.8)

651 (1.3)

741 (1.3)

  Metastatic solid tumour

149 (2.9)

1604 (3.1)

1753 (3.1)

  AIDS

1 (0.0)

64 (0.1)

65 (0.1)

CHA₂DS₂-VASc score

  0

226 (4.5)

11,608 (22.3)

11,834 (20.7)

  1

575 (11.4)

15,704 (30.2)

16,279 (28.5)

  2+

4264 (84.1)

24,733 (47.5)

28,997 (50.8)

Lifestyle-related diagnoses

  Alcoholism

221 (4.4)

3155 (6.1)

3376 (5.9)

  Obesity

491 (9.7)

2908 (5.6)

3399 (6.0)

Consultations and services at the GP^a

  Seasonal influenza vaccination

2557 (50.1)

13,510 (26.0)

16,067 (28.1)

  Preventive consultation

305 (6.0)

2894 (5.6)

3199 (5.6)

  Social medicine–related consultation

646 (12.8)

3773 (7.3)

4419 (7.7)

  Conversational therapy

70 (1.4)

1646 (3.2)

1716 (3.0)

  Reimbursement for chronic illness

73 (1.4)

621 (1.2)

694 (1.2)

  Reimbursement for terminal illness

9 (0.2)

70 (0.1)

79 (0.1)

Pre-admission cardiovascular drug use^b

  Statins

1716 (33.9)

11,031 (21.2)

12,747 (22.3)

  Aspirin

1988 (39.3)

10,708 (20.6)

12,696 (22.2)

  Vitamin K antagonists

2500 (49.4)

1339 (2.6)

3839 (6.7)

  Beta-blockers

2742 (54.1)

9254 (17.8)

11,996 (21.0)

  Non-dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers

360 (7.1)

901 (1.7)

1261 (2.2)

  Digoxin

1668 (33.0)

779 (1.5)

2447 (4.3)

  Amiodarone

363 (7.2)

115 (0.2)

478 (0.8)

ICU therapy

  Mechanical ventilation

2114 (41.7)

18,410 (35.4)

20,524 (36.0)

  Non-invasive ventilation

550 (11.0)

3772 (7.3)

4322 (7.6)

  Renal replacement therapy

254 (5.0)

1432 (2.8)

1686 (3.0)

  Treatment with inotropes or vasopressors

2057 (40.6)

14,987 (28.8)

17,044 (29.8)

Surgery performed 0–7 days before ICU admission

Any surgical procedure

3039 (60.0)

32,160 (61.8)

35,199 (61.6)

  Cardiac surgery

1038 (20.5)

6669 (12.8)

7707 (13.5)

  Vascular surgery

179 (3.5)

2764 (5.3)

2943 (5.2)

  Abdominal surgery

899 (17.8)

9608 (18.5)

10,507 (18.4)

  Orthopaedic surgery

237 (4,7)

2594 (5.0)

2831 (5.0)

Non-surgical ICU admission

2026 (40.0)

19,885 (38.2)

21,911 (38.4)