Table 1 Patient characteristics at ICU admission, organ failure during ICU admission, and outcomes
| Â | 1-year AKI-RRT patients | 1-year non-AKI-RRT patients | P | 4-year AKI-RRT patients | 4-year non-AKI-RRT patients | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | (N = 47) | (N = 94) |  | (N = 28) | (N = 28) |  |
Age (years) | 57 (45–69) | 57 (48–70) | 0.897 | 54 (45–66) | 53 (45–68) | 0.718 |
Male gender | 31 (66.0) | 62 (66.0) | 0.999 | 16 (57.1) | 16 (57.1) | 0.999 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.2 (22.8-29.7) | 25.9 (22.0-29.4) | 0.444 | 27.3 (22.9-31.6) | 24.5 (22.9-27.8) | 0.092 |
Serum creatinine baseline (mg/dL)a | 1.14 (0.94-1.51) | 0.82 (0.66-1.04) | 0.001 | 0.97 (0.80-1.26) | 0.78 (0.65-1.11) | 0.062 |
eGFR baseline (mL/min per 1.73 m2)a | 86 (71–100) | 100 (83–116) | 0.007 | 99 (85–109) | 102 (87–116) | 0.629 |
Lives at home before admission | 45 (95.7) | 90 (95.75) | 0.999 | 26 (92.9) | 27 (96.4) | 0.553 |
Activity of daily living | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No limitations | 25 (53.2) | 47 (50.0) | 0.721 | 18 (63.4) | 21 (75.0) | 0.383 |
Moderate limitations | 19 (40.4) | 42 (44.7) | 0.631 | 7 (25.0) | 7 (25.0) | 0.999 |
Chair-bound | 0 (0) | 3 (3.2) | 0.216 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
Bedridden | 3 (6.4) | 2 (2.1) | 0.198 | 3 (10.7) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
Hospitalization in last 6Â months before ICU | 20 (42.6) | 46 (48.9) | 0.474 | 10 (35.7) | 14 (50.0) | 0.280 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 1 (0–3) | 2 (0–3) | 0.115 | 0 (0–2) | 2 (0–3) | 0.110 |
Type of admission | ||||||
Medical | 32 (68.1) | 67 (71.3) | 0.696 | 18 (64.3) | 18 (64.3) | 0.999 |
Scheduled surgery | 1 (2.1) | 4 (4.3) | 0.519 | 0 (0) | 4 (14.3) | 0.038 |
Emergency surgery | 10 (21.3) | 18 (19.1) | 0.765 | 7 (25.0) | 3 (10.7) | 0.163 |
Trauma | 3 (6.4) | 4 (4.3) | 0.376 | 2 (7.1) | 2 (7.1) | 0.999 |
Burns | 1 (2.1) | 1 (1.1) | 0.614 | 1 (3.6) | 1 (3.6) | 0.999 |
Severity of illness at ICU admission (first 24Â hours) | ||||||
APACHE II score | 26 (21–31) | 24 (20–30) | 0.251 | 23 (20–28) | 22 (18–25) | 0.362 |
SOFA score | 9 (5–11) | 7 (5–10) | 0.047 | 7 (4–12) | 6 (4–9) | 0.139 |
Mechanical ventilation | 29 (61.7) | 49 (52.1) | 0.281 | 21 (75.0) | 13 (46.4) | 0.029 |
Vasopressors | 21 (44.7) | 37 (39.4) | 0.545 | 11 (39.3) | 9 (32.1) | 0.577 |
RRT | 11 (23.4) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | 6 (21.4) | 0 (0) | 0.010 |
Organ failure during ICU stay | ||||||
Mechanical ventilation | 39 (83.0) | 50 (53.2) | <0.001 | 24 (85.7) | 13 (46.4) | 0.002 |
Length of mechanical ventilation (days) | 16 (3–27) | 1 (0–3) | <0.001 | 18 (4–31) | 0 (0–7) | <0.001 |
Vasopressors | 36 (76.6) | 42 (44.7) | <0.001 | 21 (75.0) | 10 (35.7) | 0.003 |
Length of vasopressor therapy (days) | 5 (1–8) | 0 (0–3) | <0.001 | 3 (0–10) | 0 (0–3) | 0.002 |
RRT | 47 (100) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | 28 (100.0) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
Mean SOFA score | 7 (6–9) | 5 (4–7) | <0.001 | 7 (5–10) | 4 (4–7) | <0.001 |
Outcomes | ||||||
ICU length of stay (days) | 22 (11–42) | 5 (3–9) | <0.001 | 24 (13–49) | 7 (3–10) | <0.001 |
Readmissions | 8 (17.0) | 12 (12.8) | 0.495 | 3 (10.7) | 4 (14.3) | 0.686 |
Hospital LOS, days | 70 (30–100) | 21 (13–44) | <0.001 | 62 (20–130) | 19 (10–46) | 0.003 |
Do-not-resuscitate decisions | 4 (8.5) | 3 (3.2) | 0.170 | 2 (7.1) | 1 (3.6) | 0.312 |
Long-term mortality | 12 (25.5) | 20 (21.3) | 0.570 | NA | NA | NA |
Need for RRT at hospital discharge | 12 (25.5) | NA | NA | 10 (35.7) | NA | NA |
Need for RRT at 3Â months | 9 (19.1) | NA | NA | 8 (28.6) | NA | NA |
Need for RRT at 1Â year | 9 (19.1) | NA | NA | 8 (28.6) | NA | NA |
Need for RRT at 4Â years | NA | NA | NA | 8 (28.6) | NA | NA |
Living situation after 1Â year | 46 answers | 93 answers | Â | 27 answers | 26 answers | Â |
Independent without additional help | 25 (54.3) | 47 (50.5) | 0.672 | 16 (59.3) | 14 (53.8) | 0.691 |
Independent with some help | 12 (26.1) | 22 (23.7) | 0.754 | 6 (22.2) | 6 (23.1) | 0.941 |
Together with relatives (others than spouse) | 6 (13.0) | 14 (15.1) | 0.751 | 3 (11.1) | 4 (15.4) | 0.646 |
Special care facility | 3 (6.5) | 5 (5.4) | 0.786 | 2 (7.4) | 1 (3.8) | 0.575 |
Other | 0 (0) | 5 (5.4) | 0.109 | 0 (0) | 1 (3.8) | 0.304 |
Living situation after 4Â years | NA | NA | NA | 27 answers | 26 answers | Â |
Independent without additional help | NA | NA | NA | 18 (66.7) | 14 (53.8) | 0.340 |
Independent with some help | NA | NA | NA | 5 (18.5) | 6 (23.1) | 0.682 |
Together with relatives (others than spouse) | NA | NA | NA | 2 (7.4) | 5 (19.2) | 0.204 |
Special care facility | NA | NA | NA | 2 (7.4) | 1 (3.8) | 0.575 |
Other | NA | NA | NA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.999 |