Fig. 1
From: Bench-to-bedside review: the effects of hyperoxia during critical illness
Vicious cycle of hyperoxia-induced cell injury. AP activator protein, DAMP damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, H2O2 hydrogen peroxide, IFN interferon gamma, IL interleukin, MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase, NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B, NLR nod-like receptor, Nrf2 nuclear factor-2 erythroid related factor-2, O2 oxygen, O2·−superoxide, OH· hydroxyl radical, ONOO− peroxynitrite, PMN polymorphonuclear neutrophil, RAGE receptor for advanced glycation end products, ROS reactive oxygen species, TLR Toll-like receptor, TNF tumor necrosis factor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor