Skip to main content

Table 3 Adverse events and concomitant treatments with corresponding odds ratios for poor neurological outcomes at the time of hospital discharge

From: Adverse events associated with poor neurological outcome during targeted temperature management and advanced critical care after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Category

AEs and concomitant treatments

Total N (%)

CPC 1 and 2 n (%)

CPC 3–5 n (%)

OR (95 % CI)

p

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)

p

  

704 (100)

228(32.4)

476 (67.6)

    

Cooling -related AEs

Overcoolinga

128 (18.2)

23 (10.1)

105 (22.1)

2.52 (1.56–4.09)

<.001

1.16 (0.58–2.31)

0.681

Bradycardiab

83 (11.8)

35 (15.4)

48 (10.1)

0.62 (0.39–0.99)

0.044

0.75 (0.37–1.53)

0.429

Tachyarrhythmia

67 (9.5)

24 (10.5)

43 (9.0)

0.84 (0.50–1.43)

0.528

0.72 (0.33–1.55)

0.398

Hypokalemiac

220 (31.3)

65 (28.5)

155 (32.6)

1.21 (0.86–1.71)

0.278

1.21 (0.71–2.04)

0.486

Hyperglycemiad

321 (45.6)

81 (35.5)

240 (50.4)

1.85 (1.33–2.56)

<.001

1.37 (0.84–2.24)

0.210

Bleeding

21 (3.0)

6 (2.6)

15 (3.2)

1.20 (0.46–3.15)

0.705

0.89 (0.21–3.71)

0.872

Hypotensione

204 (29.0)

54 (23.7)

150 (31.5)

1.48 (1.03–2.13)

0.033

1.03 (0.59–1.79)

0.926

Rewarming -related AEs

Rebound hyperthermiaf

85 (12.1)

29 (12.7)

56 (11.8)

0.92 (0.57–1.48)

0.716

1.33 (0.61–2.92)

0.473

Arrhythmia

42 (6.0)

10 (4.4)

32 (6.7)

1.57 (0.76–3.25)

0.224

1.70 (0.61–4.69)

0.308

Hyperkalemiag

48 (6.8)

7 (3.1)

41 (8.6)

2.96 (1.31–6.74)

0.009

1.09 (0.37–3.19)

0.881

Hypoglycemiah

70 (9.9)

22 (9.7)

48 (10.7)

1.05 (0.62–1.79)

0.858

1.14 (0.50–2.57)

0.762

Bleeding

14 (2.0)

3 (1.3)

11 (2.3)

1.77 (0.49–6.41)

0.383

1.05 (0.18–6.06)

0.956

Hypotensione

152 (21.6)

36 (15.8)

116 (24.4)

1.72 (1.14–2.60)

0.01

0.99 (0.54–1.83)

0.984

Other AEs during advanced critical care Concomitant treatments

Pneumoniai

279 (39.6)

70 (30.7)

209 (43.9)

1.77 (1.26–2.47)

<.001

1.05 (0.63–1.74)

0.852

Sepsis

100 (14.2)

17 (7.5)

83 (17.4)

2.62 (1.52–4.53)

<.001

3.12 (1.40–6.97)

0.005

Myoclonusj

154 (21.9)

34 (14.9)

120 (25.2)

1.92 (1.27–2.92)

0.002

3.72 (1.93–7.16)

<.001

Seizurek

153 (21.7)

24 (10.5)

129 (27.1)

3.16 (1.98–5.05)

<.001

4.02 (2.04–7.91)

<.001

Hypoglycemial

162 (23.0)

36 (15.8)

126 (26.5)

1.92 (1.27–2.89)

0.002

2.03 (1.09–3.78)

0.025

Anticonvulsants

287 (40.8)

71 (31.1)

216 (45.4)

1.84 (1.32–2.56)

<.001

1.69 (1.03–2.77)

0.039

Insulin

460 (65.3)

136(59.7)

324 (68.1)

1.44 (1.04–2.00)

0.028

0.98 (0.60–1.62)

0.944

Analgesics

323 (45.9)

122 (53.5)

201 (42.2)

0.64 (0.46–0.87)

0.005

0.75 (0.46–1.21)

0.239

Sedatives

657 (93.3)

222 (97.4)

435 (91.4)

0.29 (0.12–0.69)

0.005

0.92 (0.29–2.96)

0.888

Neuromuscular blockers

475 (67.5)

174 (76.3)

301 (63.2)

0.53 (0.37–0.76)

0.001

0.48 (0.28–0.84)

0.009

  1. AEs adverse events, CPC cerebral performance category, OR odds ratio, 95 % CI 95 % confidence interval
  2. a < 32 °C
  3. bHeart rate <40 bpm
  4. c ≤ 3.0 mEq/L
  5. d ≥ 180 mg/Dl
  6. eSBP <90 mmHg or MAP <60 mmHg for at least 30 min or the need for supportive measures (fluid loading and vasopressors or inotropic or both) to maintain a SBP >90 mmHg or MAP >60 mmHg
  7. f > 38 °C within 24 hours of the cessation of cooling
  8. g ≥ 5.0 mEq/L
  9. h ≤ 80 mg/dL
  10. iFour requirements: 1) new or progressive consolidation on the chest radiograph, 2) fever, 3) leukocytosis, and 4) the presence of purulent tracheobronchial secretions
  11. jClinically involuntary movement without epileptiform discharge on EEG
  12. kEither clinically involuntary movement with epileptiform discharge on electroencephalogram (EEG) or epileptiform discharge only on EEG
  13. l ≤ 80 mg/dL within 72 hours after ROSC