Death declaration | Time restrictions | Organ preservation | Ethical and legal issues addressed | Logistic issues | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Definition of refractory cardiac arrest (time of CPR in min) | “No touch” time (min) | Max arrest time with no CPR (min) | Max time - CPR to cannulation (min) | Max time - cardiac arrest to cannulation (min) | Max time – cannulation to procurement (min) | Cannulation permitted prior to consent | n-ECMO used | h-ECMO used | In situ cooling | Pulsatile perfusion | Information given to next of kin on the field | Organ preservation initiated in ambulance during transport | Consent for cannulation of the cadaver for organ preservation | Objective of intra-aortic balloon | Health providers’ attitudes and beliefs | ECMO: organ preservation versus lifesaving technique | Cost-effectiveness evaluation | Coordination efforts needed | |
Guidelines (n = 6) | |||||||||||||||||||
France (2007) [30] | 30 ACLS | 5 | 30 | 90 mCPR 120 aCPR | 120 mCPR 150 aCPR | 180 ISC 240 ECMO | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y |
Italy; Pavia (2011) [34] | NS | 20 | 15 | 110 | 125 | 360 | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y |
Switzerland (2011) [32] | 20 | 10 | 30 | 120 | 150 | 180 | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
US; New York City (2011) [4] | 30 | NS | NS | 120 | NS | 240 | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y OPV | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Spain; Alicante, Barcelona, Castilla La Mancha, Granada, Galicia, Madrid City and Region (2012) [31] | Failed CPR | 5 | 15 A, C, Gr, M 20 Ga 30 B | 120 | 150 | 120 ISC 240–360 ECMO | Y | Y A B C Gr M | Y M | Y A Ga Gr | Y B M | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | y |
UK; Scotland (2013) [33] | Failed CPR | 5 | 15 | 105 | 120 | NS | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
Eligible outcome studies (n = 18) | |||||||||||||||||||
Gámez 2005 [13]/Spain, Madrid | 30 | 5 | 15 | 105 | 120 | 240 | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y |
Gagandeep 2006 [14]/USA, Nationwide | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | Y | Y |
Sánchez-Fructuoso 2006 [15]/Spain, Madrid | 30 | 5 | 15 | 105 | 120 | 240 | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Fondevila 2007 [16]/Spain, Barcelona | NS | 5 | 15 | 135 | 150 | 240 | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N |
Suárez 2008 [17]/Spain, La Coruna | NS | 5 | 15 | 105 | 120 | 240 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Fieux 2009 [18]/France, Paris | 30 ACLS | 5 | 30 | 90 mCPR 120 aCPR | 120 mCPR 150 aCPR | 180 ISC 240 ECMO | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y |
Gómez Gutierrez 2009 [19]/Spain, La Coruña and Madrid | Failed CPR | 5 | NS | NS | 120 | 130 | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | Y |
Jiménez-Galanes 2009 [20]/Spain, Madrid | Failed CPR | 5 | 15 | 135 | 150 | 240-270 | Y | Y | N | N | NS | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | Y |
Ribalta 2009 [29]/Spain, Cataluña | Failed CPR | 5 | 30 | 120 | 150 | NS | Y | NS | NS | NS | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y |
Mateos-Rodríguez 2010 [21]/Spain, Madrid | Failed CPR | 5 | 15 | 105 | 120 | NS | Y | Y | NS | N | NS | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y |
Mateos-Rodríguez 2010 [22]/Spain, Madrid | 30 | 5 | 15 | 105 | 120 | 240 | Y | Y | N | NS | NS | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y |
Geraci and Sepe 2011 [34]/Italy, Pavia | NS | 20 | 15 | 110 | 125 | 360 | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y |
Hoogland 2011 [23]/The Netherlands, Maastricht | NS | 5 | NS | 90 | NS | NS | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y |
Rodríguez 2011 [24]/Spain, Madrid and Santander | NS | 5 | 10 | 110 | 120 | 240 | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Fondevila 2012 [25]/Spain, Barcelona | 20 | 5 | 15 | 150 | 165 | 240 | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | N |
Gomez-de-Antonio 2012 [26]/Spain, Madrid | NS | 5 | 15 | 105 | 120 | 240 | Y | N | N | Y | Y after2009 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Hanf 2012 [27]/France, Lyon | 30 | 5 | 30 | 90 mCPR 120 aCPR | 120 mCPR 150 aCPR | 180 | NS | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Reznick 2013 [28]/Russia, Saint Petersburg | Failed CPR | NS | 60a | NS | NS | NS | Y | Y | N | N | NS | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y |