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Fig. 3 | Critical Care

Fig. 3

From: Anti-high mobility group box-1 monoclonal antibody treatment provides protection against influenza A virus (H1N1)-induced pneumonia in mice

Fig. 3

Effects of anti-high mobility group box 1 (anti-HMGB1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) on cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and NF-κB in the lungs after H1N1 inoculation. a. Cytokine concentration in the BALF. Data represent the mean (± SEM) of 10 mice. Dotted line indicates the normal basal level. IL-6 and TNF-α were not detected in the BALF from normal mice; *p <0.05 and **p <0.01 vs control by Mann–Whitney U test. b. RAGE and NF-κB (p65) mRNA expression in the lungs of H1N1-inoculated mice. The results were normalized to the expression of glyceralaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA. The basal expression level of normal mice was calibrated as 1.0 (dotted line). Data represent the mean (± SEM) of 5 to 10 mice; *p <0.05 vs control by Mann–Whitney U test. c. RAGE concentration in BALF. The normal basal level was 8.3 ng/mL. Data represent the mean ± SEM of 10 mice; *p <0.05 and ***p <0.001 vs control by Mann–Whitney U test

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