Table 1 Demographic and admission characteristics, type of hospitalization, infectious characteristics and length of stay in non-survivors and survivors
From: A positive fluid balance is an independent prognostic factor in patients with sepsis
Patients | Non-survivors | Survivors | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 173 | n = 59 | n = 114 | ||
Male | 117 (68) | 35 (59) | 82 (72) | 0.093 |
Age (years) | 61 ± 16 | 63 ± 16 | 60 ± 16 | 0.185 |
Weight (kg) | 75 ± 20 | 75 ± 21 | 75 ± 20 | 0.897 |
Septic shock | 135 (78) | 57 (97) | 78 (68) | <0.001 |
Duration of shock (days) | 3 ± 2 | 4 ± 2 | 2 ± 2 | <0.001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Coronary artery disease | 26 (15) | 10 (17) | 16 (14) | 0.611 |
Hypertension | 47 (27) | 16 (27) | 31 (27) | 0.992 |
COPD | 25 (15) | 8 (14) | 17 (15) | 0.81 |
Cirrhosis | 19 (11) | 10 (17) | 9 (8) | 0.071 |
Diabetes | 45 (26) | 14 (24) | 31 (27) | 0.622 |
Cancer | 33 (19) | 17 (29) | 16 (14) | 0.019 |
Immunosuppression | 16 (9) | 6 (10) | 10 (9) | 0.764 |
Variables at ICU admission | ||||
SOFA score | 8.2 ± 3.4 | 9.0 ± 3.3 | 7.7 ± 3.3 | 0.023 |
Cardiovascular subscore | 3 [1–3] | 3 [1–4] | 3 [1–3] | 0.008 |
Renal subscore | 1 [0–2] | 1 [0–2] | 0 [0–2] | 0.198 |
Coagulation subscore | 0 [0–2] | 0 [0–2] | 0 [0–2] | 0.728 |
Lung subscore | 2 [1–3] | 2 [1–3] | 2 [1–3] | 0.059 |
Hepatic subscore | 0 [0–2] | 0 [0–2] | 0 [0–1] | 0.365 |
Neurological subscore | 0 [0–2] | 1 [0–3] | 0 [0–2] | 0.099 |
CRP (mg/l) | 170 ± 140 | 128 ± 111 | 193 ± 149 | 0.01 |
Lactate (mmol/l) | 2.9 ± 2.4 | 3.8 ± 3.4 | 2.5 ± 1.5 | 0.148 |
Origin | 0.487 | |||
Emergency room | 46 (27) | 15 (25) | 31 (27) | |
Ambulance | 12 (7) | 2 (3) | 10 (9) | |
Hospital ward | 81 (47) | 28 (48) | 53 (47) | |
Other hospital | 34 (20) | 14 (24) | 20 (18) | |
Type of admission | 0.644 | |||
Medical | 103 (60) | 38 (64) | 65 (57) | |
Elective surgery | 30 (17) | 9 (15) | 21 (18) | |
Emergency surgery | 40 (23) | 12 (20) | 28 (25) | |
Source of sepsis | ||||
Lung | 65 (38) | 31 (53) | 34 (30) | 0.003 |
Abdomen | 73 (42) | 21 (36) | 52 (46) | 0.206 |
Urinary tract | 14 (8) | 3 (5) | 11 (10) | 0.297 |
Catheter/blood infection | 14 (8) | 6 (10) | 8 (7) | 0.471 |
Osteoarticular | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 0.306 |
Skin | 10 (6) | 4 (7) | 6 (5) | 0.685 |
Other | 8 (5) | 2 (3) | 6 (5) | 0.578 |
Not found | 5 (3) | 3 (5) | 2 (2) | 0.215 |
Microorganisms | ||||
Gram-negative | 113 (65) | 39 (66) | 74 (65) | 0.876 |
E. coli | 48 (28) | 18 (31) | 30 (26) | 0.559 |
Pseudomonas | 23 (13) | 10 (17) | 13 (11) | 0.308 |
Other | 75 (43) | 27 (46) | 46 (40) | 0.645 |
Gram-positive | 71 (41) | 28 (48) | 43 (38) | 0.217 |
Staphylococci | 27 (16) | 12 (20) | 15 (13) | 0.217 |
Streptococci | 24 (14) | 8 (14) | 16 (14) | 0.932 |
Other | 26 (15) | 11 (19) | 15 (13) | 0.338 |
Fungi | 33 (19) | 14 (24) | 19 (17) | 0.262 |
Candida | 24 (14) | 8 (14) | 16 (14) | 0.932 |
Aspergillus | 9 (5) | 6 (10) | 3 (3) | 0.034 |
Other | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 0.306 |
Virus | 4 (2) | 3 (5) | 1 (1) | 0.081 |
No microorganisms found | 27 (16) | 9 (15) | 18 (16) | 0.937 |
Number of different microorganisms | 0.059 | |||
0 | 27 (16) | 9 (15) | 18 (16) | |
1 | 65 (38) | 18 (31) | 47 (41) | |
2 | 52 (30) | 16 (27) | 36 (32) | |
≥3 | 29 (17) | 16 (27) | 13 (11) | |
Duration of ICU stay (days) | 6 [4–10] | 7 [4–12] | 6 [4–8] | 0.17 |
Duration of hospital stay (days) | 31 ± 29 | 18 ± 19 | 38 ± 31 | <0.001 |
Time between hospitalization and ICU admission (days) | 6 ± 13 | 8 ± 16 | 6 ± 11 | 0.084 |