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Table 1 Effect of bacterial infusion on hemodynamic and metabolic parameters

From: Gut and sublingual microvascular effect of esmolol during septic shock in a porcine model

 

–T-60 min

T 60 min

P value

Hemodynamic

   

HR (min−1)

97 (90 - 103)

117 (104 - 136)

0.007

MAP (mmHg)

64.9 (57.9 - 71.4)

71.2 (65.8 - 74.5)

0.106

MPAP (mmHg)

16.2 (14.9 - 19.1)

35.9 (31.5 - 38.8)

0.002

PCWP (mmHg)

7.6 (5.5 - 10.5)

8.6 (6.6 - 11.0)

0.307

CVP (mmHg)

9.9 (8.3 - 11.4)

11.3 (7.9 - 12.8)

1

CI (Lmin−1m−2)

2.4 (2.2 - 2.7)

2.9 (1.9 - 3.02)

0.62

SI (mLm−2)

24.6 (23.4 - 27.3)

21.1 (18.0 - 27.8)

0.151

SVR (dynscm5m−2)

2,458 (1,943 - 2,604)

2,344 (1,787 - 2,869)

0.577

PVR (dynscm5m−2)

161.6 (149.3 - 191)

358.7 (314.9 - 388.8)

0.002

Metabolic

   

Lactate (mmolL−1)

2.1 (1.8 - 2.8)

1.7 (1.4 - 2.8)

0.045

O2ER (%)

14.0 (8.9 - 19.1)

14.1 (11.3 - 15.8)

0.432

O2ER/CI

5.5 (3.5 - 7.4)

4.8 (2.9 - 6.4)

0.622

PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg)

327.8 (253.3 - 436.4)

385.2 (240.4 - 422.3)

0.470

Gut microcirculation

  

Videomicroscopy

  

MFI of the gut

2.7 (2.5 - 2.9)

1.56 (1.25 - 1.75)

0.003

Heterogeneity index of the gut (%)

17.7 (4.7 - 33.4)

61.9 (27.5 - 72.3)

<0.001

Ratio of perfused villi (%)

94.2 (90.0 - 97.7)

68.1 (59.0 - 76.5)

0.005

laser Doppler flow

  

GMLDF (ua)

154.2 (85.9 - 699.6)

130.7 (80.15 - 674.7)

1

GMLDF variation

1.04 (0.87 - 1.08)

0.92 (0.85 - 1.18)

0.677

Sublingual microcirculation

  

TVD (nmm)

17.7 (15.8 - 18.4)

11.7 (11.2 - 12.9)

0.021

MFI

2.8 (2.7 - 2.9)

2.2 (2.1 - 2.3)

<0.001

MFI small vessels

2.7 (2.5 - 2.9)

1.6 (1.4 - 1.8)

0.003

MFI other vessels

3.0 (2.9 - 3.0)

2.8 (2.8 - 2.9)

0.036

Heterogeneity index (%)

13.2 (4.4 - 24.2)

64.6 (34.4 - 84.2)

<0.001

PPV other vessels

99.7 (96.2 - 100)

96.03 (75.6 - 100)

0.262

PPV small vessels

91.9 (88.2 - 95.2)

64.6 (51.9 - 68.1)

<0.001

  1. Hemodynamic parameters before and after the onset of sepsis but before esmolol administration. Wilcoxon test were performed to compare variables before and after sepsis. HR: heart rate, MAP: systemic mean arterial blood pressure, MPAP: mean pulmonary mean arterial blood pressure, PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, CVP: Central venous pressure, SI: stroke index computed as CI/HR, SVR: systemic vascular resistance, CI: cardiac index, PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance, O2ER: oxygen extraction ratio, FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen, GMLDF: gut microcirculatory laser Doppler flow, TVD: total vessels density, MFI: microvascular flow index. Ratio of perfused villi: proportion of perfused villi, PPV: proportion of perfused vessels, small vessels: vessels with a diameter under 20 μm, Other vessels: vessels with a diameter above 20 μm, mmHg: millimeters of mercury, mmolL−1: millimolesLiter, PaO2: arterial partial pressure of oxygen