Type of US guidance used | Author | Study design | Number of patients | Outcome | Complications |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-procedural | Bonde et al. [39] | Prospective Observational No control group | 28 (excluded patients had severe coagulopathy or were morbidly obese) | Changed puncture location in nine patients (32.1Â %); elective vessel ligation in three patients (10.7Â %) | Minor bleeding in two patients (7.1Â %) |
Kollig et al. [43] | Prospective Observational No control group | 72 | Changed puncture location in 17 patients (23.6Â %); changed to surgical tracheostomy in one patient (1.3Â %) | Minor bleeding in one patient (1.3Â %) | |
Real-time | Sustić et al. [34] | Retrospective Control group was landmark-guided. | 26 | Cranial misplacement: 0 % versus 33 % (P <0.05) | Tracheal ring fracture: 36 % versus 43 % (not significant) |
Rajajee et al. [46] | Prospective Feasibility No control group | 13 | All PDTs were successful. Appropriate positioning of puncture was confirmed on bronchoscopy. | No significant complications were reported. | |
Pre-procedural US and real-time | Guinot et al. [24] | Prospective Observational No control group | 50 (obese patients and patients with severe coagulopathy were excluded) | All PDTs were successful. Puncture location was changed in 25 patients (50Â %). | Minor bleeding in three patients (6Â %); wound infection in one patient (2Â %) |
Real-time US guidance | Rudas et al. [47] | Randomised controlled trial | 50 | First-pass success rates were 87 % in the US group and 58 % in the landmark group (P = 0.028). | The decrease in procedural complications was not statistically significant: 22 % in the US group versus 37 % in the landmark group (P = 0.24). |
Pre- and post-procedural US | Yavuz et al. [48] | Randomised controlled trial | 341 | The puncture sites designated at the physical examination were reconsidered in 23.8 % of 164 cases. The mean procedure times for the US group and the controls were 24.09 minutes ± 8.05 and 18.62 minutes ± 6.34, respectively (P = .001). | The perioperative complication rates were slightly lower in the US group (7.8 %) than in the control group (15.0 %); not statistically significant (P = 0.054). |