Table 1 What hemodynamic monitoring do you routinely use for the management of high-risk surgery patients? (Please mark all that apply)

Invasive arterial pressure

95.4%

89.7%

Central venous pressure

72.6%

83.6%

Non-invasive arterial pressure

51.9%

53.8%

Cardiac output

35.4%

34.9%

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

30.8%

14.4%

Transesophageal echocardiography

28.3%

19.0%

Systolic pressure variation

20.3%

23.6%

Plethysmographic waveform variation

17.3%

17.9%

Pulse pressure variation

15.2%

25.6%

Mixed venous saturation (ScvO₂)

14.3%

15.9%

Central venous saturation (SvO₂)

12.7%

33.3%

Oxygen delivery (DO₂)

6.3%

14.4%

Stroke volume variation

6.3%

21.5%

Near-infrared spectroscopy

4.6%

5.1%

Global end-diastolic volume

2.1%

8.2%