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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participantsa

From: A single preoperative FGF23 measurement is a strong predictor of outcome in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study

Variable

FGF23

All, n = 859

P -valueb

 

Tertile 1 (≤50.6 RU/ml), n = 287

Tertile 2 (50.7 to 89.9 RU/ml), n = 286

Tertile 3 (≥90.0 RU/ml), n = 286

  

Male sex (%)

80.8

69.9

54.9

68.6

<0.001

Age (yr)

59.1 ± 14.9

63.7 ± 14.3

68.3 ± 13.2

63.7 ± 1.46

<0.001

Indication for cardiac surgeryc

     

 Valvulopathy (%)

72.5

69.2

68.7

70.1

0.561

 Coronary artery disease (%)

34.5

40.9

37.7

37.7

0.285

 Aortic disease (%)

35.2

28.0

23.2

28.8

0.006

Mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg)

94 ± 30

90 ± 36

82 ± 38

89 ± 35

<0.001

Sinus rhythm (%)

92.3

84.6

76.8

84.6

<0.001

Diabetes mellitus (%)

14.6

26.1

35.4

24.8

<0.001

Coronary artery disease (%)

36.2

45.5

47.2

42.9

0.018

Chronic cardiac failure (%)

90.2

85.7

83.1

86.3

0.042

Ejection fraction (%)

50 ± 27

49 ± 25

48 ± 26

49 ± 26

0.542

EuroSCORE II

2.6 (1.4 to 5.2)

3.7 (2.0 to 6.8)

5.7 (2.7 to 12.4)

3.8 (1.9 to 7.4)

<0.001

FGF23 (RU/ml)

39.2 (31.7 to 45.4)

64.5 (56.5 to 75.3)

182.9 (114.5 to 416.5)

64.5 (45.4 to 114.5)

<0.001

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)

0.98 ± 0.20

1.06 ± 0.26

1.53 ± 1.35

1.19 ± 0.84

<0.001

Serum NT-proBNP (pg/ml)

212 (90 to 612)

572 (170 to 1,415)

1,276 (443 to 3,575)

525 (156 to 1,507)

<0.001

Serum hsCRP (mg/L)

1.6 (0.7 to 4.5)

2.4 (0.9 to 6.1)

5.2 (2.1 to 16.3)

2.6 (1.0 to 8.1)

<0.001

Duration of surgery (min)

156 ± 43

171 ± 55

185 ± 67

171 ± 57

<0.001

Duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (min)

75 ± 32

80 ± 36

92 ± 48

82 ± 40

<0.001

Time of hypothermic circulatory arrest (min)

51 ± 22

51 ± 24

58 ± 34

53 ± 27

0.001

Ventilation time (hr)

9 (8 to 13)

11 (8 to 16)

14 (10 to 29)

11 (8 to 18)

<0.001

Length of ICU stay (days)

1 (1 to 1)

1 (1 to 1)

1 (1 to 3)

1 (1 to 2)

<0.001

Total length of stay (days)

9 (8 to 11)

10 (9 to 12)

11 (9 to 16)

10 (8 to 13)

<0.001

Acute kidney injury (%)

11.8

23.1

45.8

26.8

<0.001

Non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia (%)

3.8

6.6

16.5

9.0

<0.001

Death during hospitalisation (%)

0.0

2.1

6.7

2.9

<0.001

Death during follow-up (%)

3.1

5.6

12.2

7.0

<0.001

  1. aFGF23, Fibroblast growth factor 23; hsCRP, High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ICU, Intensive care unit; NT-proBNP, N-terminal fragment of the prohormone B-type brain natriuretic peptide; RU, Relative units. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or percentage where appropriate. b P-value for the comparison between groups according to tertiles of FGF23. cMultiple indications are possible.
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