Figure 5

Distribution of measured effect sizes in simulated studies when sample size is 1,000. The center line of the box represents the 50^th percentile odds ratio, the box extends from the 25^th percentile to the 75^th percentile, and whiskers extend from the 2.5^th and 97.5^th percentile (representing 95% confidence intervals). (A) Low confounding scenarios. (B) High confounding scenarios. AUROC, area under the receiver operator characteristic curve.