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Table 1 Patient characteristics grouped according to occurrence of acute kidney injurya

From: Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin identifies critically ill young children with acute kidney injury following intensive care admission: a prospective cohort study

 

All patients (n = 100)

Non-AKI (n = 65)

AKI (n = 35)

P -valueb

Baseline characteristics

    

  Male sex

66 (66)

42 (65)

24 (69)

0.690c

  Gestational age, wk

39.0 (37.6 to 40.0)

38.9 (37.8 to 40.0)

39.0 (37.4 to 40.0)

0.861d

  Birth weight, kg

3.1 (2.8 to 3.6)

3.1 (2.8 to 3.5)

3.1 (2.8 to 3.6)

0.989d

Clinical characteristics at intubation

    

  Age, days

27.7 (1.5 to 85.5)

27.1 (1.8 to 71.4)

30.3 (1.4 to 115.0)

0.667d

  Weight, kg

3.8 (3.2 to 5.2)

3.7 (3.3 to 5.0)

3.8 (3.1- 6.0)

0.745d

Admission diagnosis

    

  Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

23 (23)

16 (25)

7 (20)

0.132c

  Respiratory failure

20 (20)

11 (17)

9 (26)

 

  Cardiac failure

18 (18)

8 (12)

10 (28)

 

  RSV bronchiolitis

17 (17)

14 (21)

3 (9)

 

  Sepsis

14 (14)

9 (14)

5 (14)

 

  Other

8 (8)

7 (11)

1 (3)

 

Cardiac arrest on ICU admission, yes

10 (10)

5 (8)

5 (14)

0.283c

Severity of illness at ICU admission

    

  PIM2, %

9.8 (3.4 to 18.8)

7.0 (1.7 to 12.0)

15.9 (8.4 to 38.1)

0.011d

  PRISM II, %

33.8 (11.0 to 64.5)

25.7 (10.1 to 54.1)

48.9 (25.5 to 77.1)

<0.001d

Type of mechanical ventilation

    

  Pressure control

68 (68)

45 (69)

23 (66)

0.671c

  Pressure-regulated volume control

19 (19)

11 (17)

8 (23)

 

  High-frequency ventilation

11 (11)

7 (11)

4 (11)

 

  Pressure support

2 (2)

2 (3)

–

 

Fraction of inspired oxygen at intubation, percentage

59 (40 to 94)

55 (40 to 90)

68 (39 to 100)

0.422d

Need for nitric oxide ventilation at intubation, yes

18 (18)

10 (15)

8 (23)

0.354c

Need for two or more vasopressors at intubation, yes

49 (49)

24 (37)

25 (71)

0.001c

Diuretic drugs, yes

77 (76)

46 (71)

30 (86)

0.095d

Aminoglycosides, yes

37 (37)

24 (36)

13 (37)

0.983d

Outcomes

    

  Need for renal replacement therapy, yes

1 (1)

–

1 (3)

N/A

  Duration of mechanical ventilation, days

5.8 (3.1 to 11.4)

4.4 (3.0 to 8.3)

8.3 (5.6 to 19.1)

0.001d

  Length of ICU stay, days

10.0 (6.1 to 27.0)

8.3 (5.8 to 15.9)

19.2 (7.8 to 35.6)

0.002d

  Length of hospital stay, days

15.9 (8.1 to 38.0)

11.6 (6.5 to 27.9)

27.0 (11.1 to 46.9)

0.015d

  Mortality

20 (20)

9 (14)

11 (32)

0.027c

  ICU

17

7

10

N/A

  Time from admission until death, days

11.7 (4.4 to 27.2)

9.9 (3.4 to 17.0)

18.7 (6.7 to 45.0)

N/A

  1. aAKI, Acute kidney injury; ICU, Intensive care unit; N/A, Not applicable; PIM2, Pediatric Index of Mortality 2; PRISM II, Pediatric Risk of Mortality II; RSV, Respiratory syncytial virus. Patient demographic data and clinical characteristics of all patients enrolled, grouped according to the development of AKI (yes or no), are shown. AKI was defined according to the highest RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage renal disease) score attained within 48 hours following admission. The RIFLE categories risk, injury and failure were defined as, respectively, serum creatinine (SCr) above 150%, 200% and 300% of the median age-specific SCr reference values. Continuous data are expressed as median (interquartile range), and categorical data are expressed as number (%). b P-values indicate comparison between AKI and non-AKI patients using univariate analyses. cPearson’s χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate, for categorical variables. dMann–Whitney U test for continuous variables.
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