|
Age, years
|
62 ± 16
|
60 ± 14
|
65 ± 10
|
0.001
|
|
Weight, kg
|
77 ± 22
|
76 ± 22
|
78 ± 20
|
0.45
|
|
Male, n (%)
|
134 (67)
|
80 (70)
|
54 (64)
|
0.29
|
|
Total ICU stay, days
|
4 (3 to 8)
|
4 (3 to 7)
|
5 (3 to 9)
|
0.03
|
|
Witnessed CA, n (%)
|
148 (74)
|
77 (68)
|
71 (84)
|
0.009
|
|
Bystander CPR, n (%)
|
112 (56)
|
63 (55)
|
49 (58)
|
0.67
|
|
Time to ROSC, minutes
|
15 (9 to 26)
|
15 (9 to 22)
|
16 (10 to 30)
|
0.04
|
|
Epinephrine, mg
|
4 (2 to 7)
|
4 (2 to 6)
|
4 (3 to 8)
|
0.03
|
|
Out-of-hospital CA
|
121 (61)
|
80 (70)
|
41 (48)
|
0.002
|
|
Non cardiac-origin CA
|
69 (35)
|
44 (39)
|
25 (29)
|
0.22
|
|
VF/VT, n (%)
|
118 (59)
|
48 (42)
|
33 (39)
|
0.66
|
|
Past history
| | | | |
|
Chronic heart failure, n (%)
|
57 (29)
|
25 (22)
|
32 (38)
|
0.02
|
|
Hypertension, n (%)
|
77 (39)
|
42 (37)
|
35 (41)
|
0.56
|
|
Coronary artery disease, n (%)
|
86 (43)
|
45 (39)
|
41 (48)
|
0.25
|
|
Diabetes, n (%)
|
42 (21)
|
19 (17)
|
23 (27)
|
0.08
|
|
COPD/asthma, n (%)
|
37 (19)
|
24 (21)
|
13 (15)
|
0.36
|
|
Neurological disease, n (%)
|
30 (15)
|
22 (19)
|
8 (9)
|
0.07
|
|
Chronic renal disease, n (%)
|
30 (15)
|
9 (8)
|
21 (25)
|
0.001
|
|
Liver cirrhosis, n (%)
|
11 (6)
|
4 (4)
|
7 (8)
|
0.13
|
|
HIV, n (%)
|
1 (1)
|
1 (1)
|
0
|
1.00
|
|
Corticosteroid therapy, n (%)
|
29 (15)
|
12 (11)
|
17 (20)
|
0.07
|
|
Immunosuppressive agents, n (%)
|
2 (1)
|
0
|
2 (2.3)
|
0.09
|
|
Therapy before ICU admission
| | | | |
|
IECA/ ARBs, n (%)
|
81 (41)
|
43 (38)
|
38 (45)
|
0.38
|
|
Diuretics, n (%)
|
40 (20)
|
15 (13)
|
25 (29)
|
0.008
|
|
Aminoglycosides, n (%)
|
1 (1)
|
0
|
1 (1)
|
0.21
|
|
Amphotericin B, n (%)
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
-
|
|
Cyclosporine/FK506, n (%)
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
-
|
|
NSAIDs, n (%)
|
68 (34)
|
37 (32)
|
31 (36)
|
0.58
|
|
Chemotherapy, n (%)
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
-
|
|
Events and interventions during ICU stay
| | | | |
|
Lactate on admission, mEq/L
|
3.1 (1.9 to 5.1)
|
3.1 (1.8 to 5.2)
|
3.3 (2.0 to 6.6)
|
0.288
|
|
Infection, n (%)
|
123 (62)
|
66 (58)
|
57 (67)
|
0.21
|
|
IABP, n (%)
|
15 (8)
|
6 (5)
|
9 (11)
|
0.12
|
|
ECMO, n (%)
|
22 (11)
|
9 (8)
|
13 (16)
|
0.08
|
|
Shock, n (%)
|
103 (52)
|
43 (38)
|
60 (71)
|
0.002
|
|
Therapeutic hypothermia, n (%)
|
198 (99)
|
114 (100)
|
84 (99)
|
0.96
|
|
MV, n (%)
|
199 (100)
|
114 (100)
|
85 (100)
|
-
|
|
Duration of MV, days
|
3 (2 to 5)
|
3 (2 to 4)
|
4 (3 to 7)
|
0.001
|
|
Fluid balance on day 1, mL/day
|
1,924 ± 1348
|
1,480 ± 1348
|
2,520 ± 1414
|
0.001
|
|
Fluid balance on day 2, mL/day
|
2,704 ± 1636
|
2,282 ± 1639
|
3,264 ± 2889
|
0.003
|
|
CrCl on day 1, mL/min
|
40 (13 to 90)
|
67 (27 to 121)
|
23 (9 to 44)
|
<0.001
|
|
Augmented renal clearance on day 1, n (%)
|
38 (19)
|
32 (28)
|
6 (7)
|
0.001
|
|
CRRT, n (%)
|
24 (12)
|
0
|
24 (29)
|
0.001
|
|
Therapy during ICU stay
| | | | |
|
Vasopressor therapy, n (%)
|
134 (68)
|
65 (57)
|
69 (81)
|
0.001
|
|
Duration of vasopressor therapy, days
|
3 (2 to 5)
|
3 (2 to 4)
|
4 (3 to 6)
|
0.001
|
|
Cumulative vasopressor dose, mcg
|
21.0 (7.7-73.2)
|
9.9 (4.1-29.9)
|
39.1 (14.6-109.7)
|
0.001
|
|
Dobutamine therapy, n (%)
|
112 (56)
|
40 (35)
|
72 (85)
|
0.001
|
|
Duration of dobutamine, days
|
3.5 (3 to 6)
|
3 (2 to 4)
|
4 (3 to 6)
|
0.001
|
|
Cumulative dobutamine dose, mcg
|
1456 (514 to 2733)
|
982 (445 to 1670)
|
2084 (575 to 3964)
|
0.001
|
|
ACEIs/ARBs, n (%)
|
54 (27)
|
36 (32)
|
18 (21)
|
0.11
|
|
Diuretics, n (%)
|
94 (47)
|
45 (40)
|
49 (57)
|
0.01
|
|
Aminoglycosides, n (%)
|
38 (19)
|
15 (13)
|
23 (27)
|
0.01
|
|
Amphotericin B, n (%)
|
1 (1)
|
1 (1)
|
0
|
-
|
|
Cyclosporine/FK506, n (%)
|
2 (1)
|
0
|
2 (2)
|
0.92
|
|
NSAIDs, n (%)
|
90 (45)
|
49 (43)
|
41 (48)
|
0.48
|
|
Chemotherapy, n (%)
|
2 (1)
|
0
|
2 (2)
|
0.86
|
|
Contrast medium, n (%)
|
94 (47)
|
51 (45)
|
43 (51)
|
0.41
|
|
Contrast medium injections, n (%)
|
0 (0 to 1)
|
0 (0 to 1)
|
1 (0 to 2)
|
0.19
|
|
HES, n (%)
|
14 (7)
|
8 (7)
|
6 (7)
|
0.99
|
|
Number of nephrotoxic agents, n (%)
|
2 (1 to 3)
|
1 (0 to 3)
|
2 (1 to 3)
|
0.04
|
|
At least one nephrotoxic agent, n (%)
|
158 (79)
|
83 (72)
|
75 (88)
|
0.008
|
|
Outcomes
| | | | |
|
ICU mortality, n (%)
|
107 (54)
|
55 (48)
|
52 (61)
|
0.08
|
|
Hospital mortality, n (%)
|
112 (56)
|
57 (50)
|
55 (65)
|
0.04
|
|
Favorable neurological outcome at 3 months, n (%)
|
81 (41)
|
52 (46)
|
29 (34)
|
0.11
|
