Figure 3From: Prolonged mechanical ventilation–induced neuroinflammation affects postoperative memory dysfunction in surgical mice Effects of mechanical ventilation on the levels of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α after surgery in the plasma and hippocampus. Six-hour exposure to mechanical ventilation (MV) resulted in elevated plasma (A, C and E) and hippocampus (B, D and F) levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) at both 6 hours and 1 day after MV compared with the surgery group (S), as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Values are mean ± standard error of the mean. n =6/group. *P <0.05, compared with group S; † P <0.05 compared with the control group (C).Back to article page