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Table 1 Details of the included randomized controlled trials

From: Inhaled nitric oxide therapy and risk of renal dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Study (year) Country Study population Protocol of iNO therapy Mean iNO dosage Age, years Definition of acute kidney injury (AKI) Number of AKI/number of cases
iNO Control
Dellinger (1998) [12] USA ARDS 1.25, 5.0, 20.0, 40.0, or 80.0 ppm iNO for 28 days or till FiO2 < 0.5 21 ppm 48 Creatinine >2 mg/dL 20/120 7/57
Creatinine ≥3.5 mg/dL 13/120 5/57
Lundin (1999) [20] 11 European countries ARDS 1 to 40 ppm iNO at the lowest effective dose for up to 30 days or until an end point was reached 9 ppm 57 Creatinine >3.4 mg/dL or RRT 28/80 12/74
Incident RRT 23/84 10/79
Kinsella (1999) [22] USA Neonate hypoxemic respiratory failure 5 ppm for 7 days 5 ppm 27 weeks Renal failure 2/48 2/32
Payen (1999) [21] Europe ARDS 10 ppm till PF >250, median 5 days 10 ppm Not reported RRT 33/98 26/105
Taylor (2004) [23] USA ARDS 5 ppm until 28 days, discontinuation of assisted breathing, or death 5 ppm 50 Creatinine ≥3 mg/dL 12/192 8/193
Creatinine ≥3.5 mg/dL 10/192 6/193
Perrin (2006) [24] France Lung transplantation 20 ppm for 12 h 20 ppm 35 RRT 1/15 1/15
Potapov (2011) [26] USA and Germany Cardiac surgery 40 ppm for 48 h 40 ppm 56 RRT 10/73 8/77
Fernandes (2011) [25] Brazil Cardiac surgery 10 ppm for 48 h 10 ppm 46 Urine output <0.3 ml/kg/h 0/14 1/15
Lang (2014) [28] USA Liver transplantation 80 ppm during the operative phase 80 ppm 56 Renal dysfunction 3/40 7/40
Trzeciak (2014) [27] USA Sepsis 40 ppm for 6 h 40 ppm 59 RRT 2/26 1/23
  1. AKI, acute kidney injury; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; iNO, inhaled nitric oxide; FiO2: inspired oxygen fraction; PF: PaO2/FiO2 ratio; RRT: renal replacement therapy.
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