Table 1 Details of the included randomized controlled trials
Study (year) | Country | Study population | Protocol of iNO therapy | Mean iNO dosage | Age, years | Definition of acute kidney injury (AKI) | Number of AKI/number of cases | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
iNO | Control | |||||||
Dellinger (1998) [12] | USA | ARDS | 1.25, 5.0, 20.0, 40.0, or 80.0 ppm iNO for 28 days or till FiO2 < 0.5 | 21 ppm | 48 | Creatinine >2 mg/dL | 20/120 | 7/57 |
Creatinine ≥3.5 mg/dL | 13/120 | 5/57 | ||||||
Lundin (1999) [20] | 11 European countries | ARDS | 1 to 40 ppm iNO at the lowest effective dose for up to 30 days or until an end point was reached | 9 ppm | 57 | Creatinine >3.4 mg/dL or RRT | 28/80 | 12/74 |
Incident RRT | 23/84 | 10/79 | ||||||
Kinsella (1999) [22] | USA | Neonate hypoxemic respiratory failure | 5 ppm for 7 days | 5 ppm | 27 weeks | Renal failure | 2/48 | 2/32 |
Payen (1999) [21] | Europe | ARDS | 10 ppm till PF >250, median 5 days | 10 ppm | Not reported | RRT | 33/98 | 26/105 |
Taylor (2004) [23] | USA | ARDS | 5 ppm until 28 days, discontinuation of assisted breathing, or death | 5 ppm | 50 | Creatinine ≥3 mg/dL | 12/192 | 8/193 |
Creatinine ≥3.5 mg/dL | 10/192 | 6/193 | ||||||
Perrin (2006) [24] | France | Lung transplantation | 20 ppm for 12 h | 20 ppm | 35 | RRT | 1/15 | 1/15 |
Potapov (2011) [26] | USA and Germany | Cardiac surgery | 40 ppm for 48 h | 40 ppm | 56 | RRT | 10/73 | 8/77 |
Fernandes (2011) [25] | Brazil | Cardiac surgery | 10 ppm for 48 h | 10 ppm | 46 | Urine output <0.3 ml/kg/h | 0/14 | 1/15 |
Lang (2014) [28] | USA | Liver transplantation | 80 ppm during the operative phase | 80 ppm | 56 | Renal dysfunction | 3/40 | 7/40 |
Trzeciak (2014) [27] | USA | Sepsis | 40 ppm for 6 h | 40 ppm | 59 | RRT | 2/26 | 1/23 |