Impact of active screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and decolonization on MRSA infections, mortality and medical cost: a quasi-experimental study in surgical intensive care unit

Table 5 Risk factors for 90-day mortality

Univariate Cox regression analysis			Multiple Cox regression analysis
Variable	HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value
Age >65 (years)	2.4 (1.9-2.8)	<0.0001	1.5 (1.2-1.8)	0.0002
Sex	1.0 (0.8-1.1)	0.730
pre-ICU LOS	1.0 (1.0-1.0)	<0.0001	1.0 (0.99-1.0)	0.421
Operation	0.4 (0.3-0.5)	<0.0001	0.3 (0.3-0.4)	<0.0001
CVC catheter	1.6 (1.3-1.9)	<0.0001	1.5 (1.2-1.9)	0.0002
Foley catheter	2.6 (2.2-3.2)	<0.0001	1.4 (1.2-1.7)	0.0007
Double lumen catheter	4.3 (3.2-5.7)	<0.0001	1.7 (1.2-2.3)	0.001
APACHE II >15	3.8 (3.1-4.5)	<0.0001	2.5 (2.0-3.0)	<0.0001
Endotracheal intubation	3.8 (3.1-4.5)	<0.0001	1.5 (1.2-1.9)	0.0003
Hand hygiene^a,b	0.95 (0.9-0.98)	0.002	1.0 (0.9-1.0)	0.617
Intervention	0.9 (0.7-1.1)	0.219	0.8 (0.7-0.99)	0.048

^aHand hygiene: the amount of alcoholic disinfectant (liter) used for hand washing per 1,000 patient days during a period. ^b P = 0.16 for the interaction between intervention and hand hygiene. APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; CVC: central venous catheter; HR: hazard ratio; ICU LOS: ICU length of hospital stay.

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