|
Characteristic
|
Group 1 (n = 116)
|
Group 2 (n = 145)
|
P
-value
|
|---|
|
Age, years (range)
|
39 (2 to 99)
|
45 (3 to 83)
|
0.031
|
|
Gender, male
|
86 (74%)
|
102 (70%)
|
0.579
|
|
Mechanism of injury, blunt
|
112 (97%)
|
139 (96%)
|
1.0
|
|
Injury severity:
| | | |
|
Injury severity score
|
22 (13 to 34)
|
26 (20 to 38)
|
0.019
|
|
Glasgow Coma score
|
11 (6 to 14)
|
9 (5 to 13)
|
0.061
|
|
No head injury
|
19 (16%)
|
21 (15%)
|
0.731
|
|
Mild head injury
|
35 (30%)
|
17 (12%)
|
0.003
|
|
Moderate head injury
|
16 (14%)
|
37 (26%)
|
0.021
|
|
Severe head injury
|
46 (40%)
|
70 (48%)
|
0.171
|
|
RSI protocol:
| | | |
|
Full dose
|
77 (66%)
|
111 (77%)
|
0.069
|
|
Reduced dose
|
39 (34%)
|
34 (23%)
|
-
|
|
RSI indication:
| | | |
|
Unconsciousness
|
61 (53%)
|
77 (53%)
|
0.742
|
|
Vent failure
|
18 (16%)
|
19 (13%)
|
-
|
|
Anticipated clinical course
|
16 (14%)
|
18 (12%)
|
-
|
|
Airway compromise
|
15 (13%)
|
20 (14%)
|
-
|
|
Humanitarian
|
3 (3%)
|
2 (1%)
|
-
|
|
Facilitate injury management
|
3 (3%)
|
9 (6%)
|
-
|
|
Bougie used
|
114 (98%)
|
143 (99%)
|
1.0
|
- Data presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise specified. Group 1 underwent pre-hospital rapid sequence intubation (RSI) using a protocol consisting of etomidate and suxamethonium. Group 2 underwent pre-hospital RSI using a protocol consisting of fentanyl, ketamine and rocuronium.
