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Table 2 Arrest and hospital characteristics according to dextrose administration

From: The administration of dextrose during in-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with increased mortality and neurologic morbidity

Characteristic

Received dextrose during cardiac arrest

P value

No

Yes

(n = 95,856)

(n = 4,173)

Location and time of the arrest, number (percentage)

   

Location

  

<0.001

Floor without telemetry

15,855 (16.6)

1,025 (24.6)

 

Floor with telemetry

16,710 (17.4)

730 (17.5)

 

Intensive care unit

45,011 (47.0)

1,597 (38.3)

 

Emergency department

10,363 (10.8)

544 (13.0)

 

Other

6,974 (7.6)

276 (6.6)

 

Time of day

  

<0.001

Day (7 a.m. -10:59 p.m.)

63,897 (67.6)

2,666 (64.5)

 

Night (11 p.m.-6:59 a.m.)

30,673 (32.4)

1,467 (35.5)

 

Time of week, number (percentage)

  

0.30

Weekday (Monday-Friday)

65,269 (68.8)

2,818 (68.0)

 

Weekend (Saturday-Sunday)

29,642 (31.2)

1,326 (32.0)

 

Hospital-wide response called, number (percentage)

76,720 (80.0)

3,361 (80.5)

0.40

Characteristic of the arrest

   

Monitoring, number (percentage)

78,166 (81.6)

3,053 (73.2)

<0.001

Witnessed, number (percentage)

78,262 (81.7)

3,050 (73.1)

<0.001

First rhythm shockable (VT or VF), number (percentage)

18,340 (20.3)

517 (13.0)

<0.001

Mechanical ventilation in place, number (percentage)

27,928 (29.1)

1,103 (26.4)

<0.001

Airway inserted during event, number (percentage)

51,028 (53.3)

2,680 (64.2)

<0.001

Presumed cause(s) of arrest, number (percentage)

   

Arrhythmia

56,147 (58.9)

2,215 (53.4)

<0.001

Hypotension/Hypoperfusion

37,571 (39.4)

1,596 (38.5)

0.22

Active/Evolving MI

8,919 (9.4)

270 (6.5)

<0.001

Acute respiratory insufficiency

37,064 (38.9)

1,670 (40.3)

0.08

Metabolic/Electrolyte abnormality

10,809 (11.4)

860 (20.7)

<0.001

Other

7,619 (8.0)

345 (8.3)

0.46

Unknown

10,340 (10.9)

578 (13.9)

<0.001

Downtime in minutes, median (IQR)

12 (6–21)

18 (10–27)

<0.001

Medications given during the event, number (percentage)

   

Amiodarone

14,806 (15.5)

703 (16.9)

0.01

Epinephrine

84,336 (88.0)

4,019 (96.3)

<0.001

Atropine

67,947 (70.9)

3,490 (83.6)

<0.001

Magnesium sulfate

7,156 (7.5)

567 (13.6)

<0.001

Lidocaine

10,152 (10.6)

381 (9.1)

0.003

Sodium bicarbonate

43,775 (45.7)

3,111 (74.6)

<0.001

Fluid bolus

28,011 (29.2)

1,452 (34.7)

<0.001

Calcium chloride/gluconate

20,188 (21.1)

1,955 (46.9)

<0.001

Norepinephrine

12,500 (13.0)

675 (16.2)

<0.001

Dopamine

23,078 (24.1)

1,037 (24.1)

0.25

Hospital characteristics, number (percentage)

   

Bed size

  

<0.001

1-249

23,450 (24.2)

908 (21.7)

 

250-499

44,001 (45.9)

1,836 (44.0)

 

500+

28,408 (29.6)

1,429 (34.1)

 

Teaching status

  

<0.001

Major

25,246 (26.3)

1,527 (36.6)

 

Minor

33,930 (35.3)

1,162 (27.7)

 

Non-teaching

36,680 (38.2)

1,484 (35.4)

 

Ownership

  

<0.001

Private

12,247 (12.8)

540 (12.9)

 

Government

14,407 (15.0)

899 (21.5)

 

Non-profit

69,202 (72.2)

2,734 (65.5)

 

Location

  

<0.001

Rural

6,274 (6.5)

216 (5.2)

 

Urban

89,582 (93.5)

3,957 (94.8)

 

Geographical location

  

<0.001

North-East

10,484 (10.9)

491 (11.7)

 

South-East

26,019 (27.1)

1,125 (26.9)

 

Mid-West

23,539 (21.0)

1,099 (26.9)

 

South-West

19,998 (20.9)

864 (21.4)

 

West

15,816 (16.5)

564 (13.5)

 
  1. IQR, interquartile range; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.
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