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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and outcome of the study patientsa

From: Severe and multiple hypoglycemic episodes are associated with increased risk of death in ICU patients

Variables

No hypoglycemia

Moderate hypoglycemia

Severe hypoglycemia

Multiple hypoglycemic events

(n =1,474)

(n =874)

(n =253)

(n =482)

Age, yr

61 (17)

63 (16)

62 (15)

63 (15)

Male sex, n (%)

963/1,474 (65)

553/874 (63)

163/253 (64)

320/482 (65)

Weight, kg

80 (21)

75 (18)b

74 (20)b

74 (18)b

Body mass index, kg/m2

27.5 (6.7)

26.2 (5.9)b

25.6 (6.1)b

25.9 (6.0)

SAPS II score

46 (34 to 61)

52 (40 to 67)b

59 (46 to 74)bc

65 (55 to 75)b

SOFA score

7 (4 to 10)

8 (5 to 11)b

10 (7 to 13)bc

10 (7 to 12)b

McCabe score

1 (1 to 2)

1 (1 to 2)

1 (1 to 2)

1 (1 to 2)

Type of patient

    
 

Medical

872/1,474 (59)

161/874 (60)

161/253 (64)

281/482 (60)

 

Scheduled surgery

457/1,474 (31)

75/874 (29)

75/253 (30)

158/482 (30)

 

Emergency surgery

145/1,474 (10)

17/874 (11)

17/253 (7)

53/482 (10)

History of diabetes mellitus, n (%)

266/1,474 (18)

189/874 (22)

70/253 (28)b

131/482 (27)

 

Type 1 diabetes, n (%)

38/1,474 (3)

32/874 (4)

14/253 (6)

22/481 (5)

 

Type 2 diabetes, n (%)

228/1,474 (15)

157/874 (18)

55/253 (22)

108/481 (22)

 

Not determined

    

Previous treatment

118/1,474 (5)

21/873 (8)

21/253 (8)

35/482 (7)

 

Insulin, n (%)

114/1,474 (5)

18/873 (7)

18/253 (7)

28/482 (6)

 

Antidiabetic drugs, n (%)

    

Plasma creatinine, μmol/L

133 (140)

150 (133)

166 (158)b

169 (147)b

Initial treatment in the ICU

    
 

Mechanical ventilation

1,273/1,430 (89)

803/873 (92)

240/253 (95)b

453/482 (94)b

 

Catecholamines

708/1,428 (50)

533/253 (61)b

195/253 (77)bc

353/482 (73)

 

Renal replacement therapy

119/1,428 (8)

123/253 (14)b

54/253 (21)bc

96/482 (20)b

 

Antibiotics

924/1,428 (65)

597/253 (68)

180/253 (71)

351/482 (73)

Blood glucose control

    
 

Conventional

900/1,474 (61)

305/874 (35)b

79/253 (31)b

126/482 (26)b

 

Computerized

574/1,474 (39)

569/874 (65)b

174/253 (69)b

356/482 (74)b

Treatment-free days

    
 

Mechanical ventilation

21 (0 to 26)

14 (0 to 23)b

0 (0 to 18)bc

1 (0 to 18)b

 

Catecholamines

26 (17 to 28)

23 (0 to 27)b

15 (0 to 24)bc

18 (0 to 25)b

 

Renal replacement therapy

28 (21 to 28)

28 (0 to 28)b

15 (0 to 28)bc

24 (0 to 28)b

ICU-free days

20 (0 to 25)

12 (0 to 12)b

0 (0 to 17)bc

0 (0 to 117)b

Mortality

    
 

Day 28

315/1,474 (21)

222/874 (25)b

100/253 (39)bc

162/482 (34)b

 

Day 90

407/1,474 (28)

315/874 (36)b

137/253 (54)bc

248/482 (51)b

  1. aData are expressed as mean (SD), median (25th to 75th interquartile range), and number (%). ICU, Intensive care unit; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, on which scores can range from 0 to 156, with higher scores indicating more severe illness; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, on which scores can range from 0 to 24 with higher scores indicating more severe illness. b P <0.05 vs. no hypoglycemia group; c P <0.05 vs. moderate hypoglycemia group (comparison was performed only for severe hypoglycemia group).