|
Variable
|
NL
|
NLP
|
NLEE
|
NLM
|
ANOVA
|
Contrast 1
|
Contrast 2
|
Contrast 3
|
|---|
|
P
|
P
|
P
|
P
|
|---|
|
Time in bed (min)
|
513.8 ± 18.6
|
507.3 ± 23.0
|
507.9 ± 29.7
|
508.8 ± 26.5
|
0.934
|
0.598
|
0.893
|
0.936
|
|
Total sleep time (min)
|
369.0 ± 35.0
|
367.6 ± 33.3
|
385.8 ± 38.9
|
401.2 ± 35.8
|
0.137
|
0.302
|
0.043
|
0.342
|
|
Sleep efficiency index
|
0.72 ± 0.08
|
0.72 ± 0.07
|
0.76 ± 0.08
|
0.79 ± 0.11
|
0.186
|
0.273
|
0.077
|
0.396
|
|
REM (%)
|
16.0 ± 4.2
|
15.0± 7.6
|
18.4 ± 3.7
|
20.9 ± 3.0
|
0.050
|
0.285
|
0.011
|
0.258
|
|
N1 (%)
|
20.3 ± 8.6
|
21.1 ± 8.7
|
20.4 ± 3.2
|
19.2 ± 4.0
|
0.928
|
0.973
|
0.509
|
0.681
|
|
N2 (%)
|
46.8 ± 7.3
|
47.4 ± 7.6
|
46.3 ± 3.0
|
42.6 ± 3.5
|
0.262
|
0.850
|
0.073
|
0.161
|
|
N3 (%)
|
15.0 ± 3.9
|
16.5 ± 4.5
|
14.9 ± 3.1
|
17.3 ± 3.6
|
0.425
|
0.991
|
0.654
|
0.175
|
|
Sleep onset latency (min)
|
71.4 ± 25.6
|
61.3 ± 20.6
|
46.6 ± 21.6
|
33.7 ± 10.5
|
0.001
|
0.010
|
0.004
|
0.163
|
|
REM latency (min)
|
154.4 ± 46.9
|
158.2 ± 39.2
|
158.0 ± 37.4
|
149.5 ± 37.8
|
0.959
|
0.844
|
0.634
|
0.644
|
|
No. of awakenings
|
15.1 ± 3.3
|
13.0 ± 3.1
|
10.5 ± 3.2
|
6.5 ± 1.8
|
0.000
|
0.001
|
0.000
|
0.004
|
|
Sleep arousals index
|
9.8 ± 3.0
|
8.2 ± 2.6
|
5.5 ± 2.1
|
4.5 ± 1.4
|
0.000
|
0.000
|
0.001
|
0.392
|
- NL: simulated ICU noise and light; NLP: NL plus placebo; NLM: NL plus melatonin; NLEE: NL plus use of earplugs and eye masks; Contrast 1: NL vs. NLEE; Contrast 2: NLP vs. NLM; Contrast 3: NLEE vs. NLM.
