Effect of oral melatonin and wearing earplugs and eye masks on nocturnal sleep in healthy subjects in a simulated intensive care unit environment: which might be a more promising strategy for ICU sleep deprivation?

Table 2 Comparison of sleep architecture between baseline night and simulated ICU noise and light night

Variable	Baseline	NL	P
Time in bed (min)	507.8 ± 21.1	509.6 ± 23.7	0.860
Total sleep time (min)	424.3 ± 25.9	359.2 ± 39.9	0.000
Sleep efficiency index	0.83 ± 0.06	0.71 ± 0.08	0.001
REM (%)	21.9 ± 3.8	15.8 ± 4.8	0.006
N1 (%)	19.6 ± 3.8	19.7 ± 9.8	0.983
N2 (%)	39.8 ± 5.1	47.8 ± 8.3	0.018
N3 (%)	18.7 ± 5.3	14.7 ± 4.2	0.078
Sleep onset latency (min)	23.4 ± 10.1	66.2 ± 20.7	0.000
REM latency (min)	147.8 ± 20.1	163.9 ± 55.2	0.399
No. of awakenings	9.9 ± 3.7	14.4 ± 3.3	0.011
Sleep arousals index	5.0 ± 1.8	8.7 ± 3.3	0.006

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