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Table 1 Demographic and clinical features

From: Prospective validation of pediatric disease severity scores to predict mortality in Ugandan children presenting with malaria and non-malaria febrile illness

Variable

Survivors (number = 1990)

Non-survivors (number = 99)

P -value

Demographic and anthropometric characteristics

   

Age — months

17.0 (9.0-26.5)

15.0 (9.0-25.0)

0.296

Age <12 months— number (%)

609 (30.7)

35 (35.4)

0.326

Male — number (%)

1079 (54.8)

55 (56.1)

0.797

Mid-upper-arm circumference — mm

140 (130–150)

130 (120–141)

<0.0001

Weight-for-age z < −3SD — number (%)

180 (9.3)

14 (14.7)

0.076

Quality of care measures

   

Time to see medical doctor— hours

2.7 (1.0-4.3)

1.0 (0.2-2.8)

<0.0001

Examination findings at admission

   

Axillary temperature—°C

38.0 (37.0-38.8)

37.4 (36.6-38.1)

<0.0001

Temperature >38°C— number (%)

891 (45.4)

26 (27.4)

0.001

Temperature <36°C — number (%)

70 (3.6)

11 (11.6)

<0.0001

Heart rate— beats/minute

162 (146–176)

163 (145–182)

0.839

Tachycardia— number (%)

1271 (64.4)

58 (63.0)

0.788

Respiratory rate— breaths/minute

42 (36–56)

60 (44–68)

<0.0001

Tachypnea— number (%)

490 (25.5)

50 (54.3)

<0.0001

Deep breathing— number (%)

434 (21.8)

77 (77.8)

<0.0001

Subcostal retractions— number (%)

353 (17.8)

66 (66.7)

<0.0001

Prostration— number (%)

440 (22.2)

85 (85.9)

<0.0001

Systolic blood pressure— mmHg

100 (100–110)

95 (90–103)

<0.0001

Hypotensive— number (%)

21 (1.1)

10 (12.3)

<0.0001

Capillary refill time ≥3 seconds — number (%)

86 (4.5)

20 (20.4)

<0.0001

Convulsions— number (%)

350 (17.6)

33 (33.3)

<0.0001

Altered consciousness— number (%)

282 (14.2)

76 (76.8)

<0.0001

Coma (BCS < 3) — number (%)

76 (3.9)

53 (53.5)

<0.0001

Jaundice— number (%)

188 (9.5)

25 (25.3)

<0.0001

Laboratory test results at admission

   

Oxygen saturation

98.0 (96.0-99.0)

95.0 (88.0-99.0)

<0.0001

Oxygen saturation <90% — number (%)

62 (3.1)

25 (27.5)

<0.0001

Positive for malaria parasitemia — number (%)

1125 (63.0)

27 (40.3)

<0.0001

RDT Results — number (%)

   

RDT negative

494 (25.6)

34 (35.8)

0.027

RDT pLDH positive

22 (1.1)

0 (0)

0.622

RDT HRP2 positive

237 (12.3)

19 (20.0)

0.037

RDT pLDH/HRP2 positive

1176 (61.0)

42 (44.2)

0.001

Glucose

6.9 (5.9-8.3)

5.4 (2.9-9.0)

<0.0001

Lactate

2.6 (1.9-4.6)

8.2 (2.9-16.9)

<0.0001

Hemoglobin

4.8 (3.4-7.0)

4.0 (2.4-6.7)

0.012

Positive for HIV antibody— number /total number (%)

39/931 (4.2)

6/37 (14.0)

0.003

Duration of follow up — days

3 (2–4)

1 (0–1)

<0.0001

  1. Data presented as median (IQR). Tachycardia (heart rate >160/minute (infant, <12 months of age) or >150/minute (child, ≥12 months of age)); tachypnea (respiratory rate >60 (infant) or >50/minute (child)); hypotension (systolic blood pressure <65 mm Hg (infant) or <75 (child)). Prostration was defined as the inability to breastfeed or sit unsupported according to age. Altered Consciousness was defined using AVPU where anything except ‘alert’ constituted altered consciousness. BCS, Blantyre Coma Score; HRP2, P. falciparum histidine rich protein 2; pLDH, pan-malaria lactate dehydrogenase; RDT, rapid diagnostic test; SD, standard deviation.
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