Intraoperative renal near-infrared spectroscopy indicates developing acute kidney injury in infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a case–control study

Table 2 Surgery-related data and Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery scores of infants with versus without acute kidney injury after undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery ^a

		AKI	No AKI	P -value
Biventricular correction, n (%)		11 (39%)	22 (71%)	0.01
Univentricular palliation: cyanotic, n (%)		17 (61%)	9 (29%)	0.01
Shunt, n (%)		15 (54%)	3 (10%)	P < 0.01
PCPC, n (%)		2 (7%)	6 (19%)	P < 0.01
Operation time (min)		174 (80 to 530)	150 (80 to 555)	0.45
Bypass (min)		75 (30 to 150)	77 (23 to 160)	0.9
Aortic cross-clamp (min)		28 (0 to 83)	47 (0 to 110)	0.07
Circulatory arrest (min)		0 (0 to 53)	0 (0 to 44)	0.12
RACHS-1 score
	2 and 3, n (%)	15 (56)	22 (69)	0.42
	4 to 6, n (%)	12 (44)	10 (31)	0.42

^aThe operation data and the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1) score are listed as median and range or individual values. AKI, Acute kidney injury; PCPC, Partial cavopulmonary connection.