A meta-analysis to derive literature-based benchmarks for readmission and hospital mortality after patient discharge from intensive care

Hosein, F Shaun; Roberts, Derek J; Turin, Tanvir Chowdhury; Zygun, David; Ghali, William A; Stelfox, Henry T

doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0715-6

Critical Care

Table 1 Description of included studies ^a

From: A meta-analysis to derive literature-based benchmarks for readmission and hospital mortality after patient discharge from intensive care

Study	Year	Countries	Follow-up	Type of ICU	ICUs, n	Patients, n	Age, yr (mean)	Female (%)	SOI measure	SOI score (mean)	Readmission (%)	Mortality (%)
Strauss et al. [70]	1986	USA	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	1	912	50	N/A	APS	N/A	15	9.9
Rubins et al. [69]	1988	USA	Hospital discharge	Medical	1	229	59.9	2.2	APACHE II	10.6	13.1	3
Chen et al. [68]	1998	Canada	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	7	5,127	59.3	38.0	APACHE II	17.1	4.6	5.5
Cohn et al. [67]	1999	USA	Hospital discharge	Cardiovascular	38	2,228	65.3	32.4	N/A	N/A	5.7	1.0
Cooper et al. [8]	1999	USA	Hospital discharge	Various^c	28	103,968	63.5	48.0	APACHE III	44.3	6.1	N/A
Smith et al. [66]	1999	UK	N/A	Medical-surgical	1	283	66	45.6	APACHE II	17^b	7.8	11
Goldfrad and Rowan [65]	2000	UK	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	62	12,748	58.2	N/A	APACHE II	14.7	8.3	17.1
Daly et al. [64]	2001	UK	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	1	5,475	N/A	30.5	APACHE II	13.7	2.6	3.7
Rosenberg et al. [5]	2001	USA	Hospital discharge	Medical	1	3,310	53	66.5	APACHE III	49	9.6	9.6
Moreno et al. [63]	2001	Netherlands	Hospital discharge	N/A	48	2,958	N/A	N/A	SAPS II	30.1	N/A	8.6
Calafiore et al. [61]	2002	Italy	Hospital discharge	Cardiovascular	1	1,194	N/A	18.5	N/A	N/A	1.3	0.3
Beck et al. [62]	2002	UK	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	1	1,654	57	38.3	APACHE II	18.3	7.6	12.6
Kogan et al. [58]	2003	Israel	Hospital discharge	N/A	1	1,613	63.5	N/A	N/A	N/A	3.3	0.4
Bardell et al. [59]	2003	Canada	Hospital discharge	Cardiovascular	1	2,117	65	30.0	N/A	N/A	3.5	2.8
Metnitz et al. [57]	2003	Austria	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	30	15,180	62.7	39.4	N/A	N/A	5.1	N/A
Uusaro et al. [56]	2003	Finland	Hospital discharge	N/A	18	20,636	N/A	N/A	SAPS II	34	N/A	10.1
Azoulay et al. [60]	2003	France	Hospital discharge	Various^d	7	1,385	65^b	36.5	SAPS II	36^b	N/A	10.8
Yoon et al. [53]	2004	Korea	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	34	1,929	55.5	35.8	APACHE III	N/A	4.1	17.3
Duke et al. [55]	2004	Australia	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	1	1,870	62^b	N/A	APACHE II	18.5	5.1	4.9
Fortis et al. [54]	2004	Greece	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	1	86	63	43.0	APACHE II	14	N/A	15.1
Vohra et al. [52]	2005	UK	Hospital discharge	Cardiovascular	1	7,177	70.4	N/A	N/A	N/A	2.5	N/A
Azoulay et al. [2]	2005	Europe, Canada, Israel	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	28	1,872	60^b	37.4	SAPS II	35^b	N/A	10.4
Alban et al. [51]	2006	USA	Hospital discharge	Surgical	1	10,840	58.8	N/A	APACHE II	15.4	2.7	9.4
Mayr et al. [49]	2006	Austria	1 yr	Medical-surgical	1	3,347	59.2	28.6	SAPS II	37.6	3	4.3
Priestap and Martin [48]	2006	Canada	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	31	47,163	61.7	40.8	APACHE II	15.1	5.3	9.3
Tobin and Santamaria [47]	2006	Australia	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	1	10,963	64	35.0	APACHE II	13^b	N/A	4.4
Fernandez et al. [50]	2006	Spain	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	1	1,159	60.2	N/A	APACHE II	20^b	N/A	9.6
				Medical-surgical
Pilcher et al. [46]	2007	Australia/New Zealand	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	41	76,690	59	N/A	APACHE III	46.3	5.3	5.8
Song et al. [45]	2007	Korea	54.4 mo	N/A	1	1,087	65	N/A	APACHE III	N/A	8.6	N/A
Ho et al. [42]	2008	Australia	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	1	603	53	N/A	APACHE II	15.7	2	4.3
Gajic et al. [44]	2008	USA, Netherlands	7 days	Medical	1	1,242	N/A	45.8	APACHE III	59.2	8.1	0.4
Campbell et al. [12]	2008	UK	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	1	4,376	63^b	41.1	APACHE II	19^b	8.8	11.2
Hanane et al. [43]	2008	USA	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	3	11,659	62.7	46.8	APACHE III	51.3	9.1	4.5
Kaben et al. [41]	2008	Germany	Hospital discharge	Surgical	1	2,852	62	35.9	SAPS I	33.5	13.3	4.8
Laupland et al. [40]	2008	Canada	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	4	17,864	63.7^b	26.6	APACHE II	25.1	N/A	6.7
Sakr et al. [39]	2008	Europe	60 days	N/A	198	1,729	59.8	39.3	SAPS II	31.4	N/A	7.2
Chrusch et al. [38]	2009	Canada	7 days	Medical, Surgical	2	8,222	59.3	N/A	APACHE II	18.6	5.2	0.3
Litmathe et al. [37]	2009	Germany	Hospital discharge	Cardiovascular	1	3,374	74.3	30.3	N/A	N/A	5.9	2.1
Fernandez et al. [35]	2010	Spain	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	31	3587	61.5	33.6	N/A	N/A	4.6	5.9
Al-Subaie et al. [36]	2010	UK	14 days	Medical-surgical	1	1,185	60	45.1	APACHE II	16^b	7	2.9
Utzolino et al. [33]	2010	Germany	Hospital discharge	Surgical	1	2,114	62.1	36.4	N/A	N/A	11.8	3.7
Silvestre et al. [34]	2010	Portugal	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	1	156	55	40.4	APACHE II	14.6	N/A	18.6
				Medical-surgical
Renton et al. [29]	2011	Australia	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	97	247,103	59.9	N/A	APACHE III	47	5.5	5.3
Fernandez et al. [32]	2011	Spain	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	31	201	60.5	31	N/A	N/A	6	22
Kramer et al. [11]	2011	USA	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	38	229,961	N/A	44.0	N/A	N/A	6	N/A
Silva et al. [28]	2011	Brazil	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	4	600	60.7	43.3	SAPS II	25.5	9.1	N/A
Laupland et al. [31]	2011	France	Hospital discharge	Mixed	N/A	5992	62^b	39	SAPS II	40^b	N/A	5.9
Ouanes et al. [30]	2012	France	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	4	3,462	60.6	38.3	SAPS II	35.1	3.3	3.2
Badawi and Breslow [26]	2012	USA	48 hr/Hospital discharge	Mixed	402	704,963	62.1	45.9	APACHE IV	47	2.5	3.1
Reini et al. [21]	2012	Sweden	30 days	Medical-surgical	1	354	60.6	25.4	SAPS III	61^b	3.7	8.2
Araújo et al. [27]	2012	Portugal	Hospital discharge	Medical-surgical	1	296	64.7	43.0	SAPS II	43.7	4.7	22.6
Brown et al. [25]	2012	USA	21 days	Medical-surgical	156	196,250	N/A	N/A	MPMO-III	10.9	5.4	N/A
Joskowiak et al. [24]	2012	Germany	Hospital discharge	Cardiovascular	1	7,105	69.1	30.7	euroSCORE	9	7.8	1.2
Timmers et al. [20]	2012	Netherlands	11 yr	Medical-surgical	1	1,682	58.6	33.3	APACHE II	11.1	8	N/A
Mahesh et al. [23]	2012	UK	Hospital discharge	Cardiovascular	1	6,101	N/A	27.8	euroSCORE	7.6	N/A	0.39
Ranzani et al. [22]	2012	Brazil	Hospital discharge	Medical	1	409	48.6	49	APACHE II	16	17.4	18.3
Kramer et al. [4]	2013	USA	Hospital discharge	Mixed	105	263,082	61.5	N/A	APACHE IV	41.3	6.3	N/A
Yip and Ho [19]	2013	Australia	34 mo	Medical-surgical	1	1,446	50.2	35.7	APACHE II	19^b	7.3	12.3

^aAPACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; APS, Acute Physiology Score; ICU, Intensive care unit; MICU, Medical intensive care unit; MPMO-III, Mortality Probability Admission Model; N/A, Not available; NICU, Neurosurgical intensive care unit; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; SICU, Surgical intensive care unit;. ^bMedian score. ^cMixed, MICU, SICU, NICU. ^dTwo Mixed, two SICUs and three MICUs.

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