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Table 2 Univariate analysis of confounding variables associated with Clostridium difficile

From: Proton pump inhibitors increase the risk for hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection in critically ill patients

Variable

C. difficile - YES (n = 204)

C. difficile - NO (n = 204)

P value

Age

68.6 ± 15

68.5 ± 15

0.949

Gender (% male)

55% (113)

57% (116)

0.765

ICU type

  

0.770

  Cardiac/Cardiothoracic

51% (104)

51% (103)

 

  Medical

43% (88)

45% (92)

  Surgical

6% (12)

4% (9)

Classification of primary diagnosis

  

1.00

  Cardiovascular

24% (49)

24% (49)

 

  Infection

23% (46)

23% (46)

 

  Gastrointestinal

14% (28)

14% (28)

 

  Respiratory

12% (25)

12% (25)

 

  Neurologic

9% (18)

9% (18)

 

  Cancer

6% (13)

6% (13)

 

  Trauma

5% (10)

5% (10)

 

  Renal

2% (5)

2% (5)

 

  Venous thromboembolism

1% (3)

1% (3)

 

  Miscellaneous

3% (7)

3% (7)

 

SOFA

6 (0 – 17)

6 (0 – 18)

0.798

Mechanical ventilation

74% (151)

71% (145)

0.506

Immunosuppression

28% (56)

32% (65)

0.329

Long PPI exposure (2 or more days)

83% (170)

73% (149)

0.012

PPI duration (days)

7 (0 – 56)

6 (0 – 96)

0.488

H2RA use

32% (65)

36% (73)

0.403

Long H2RA exposure (2 or more days)

26% (53)

31% (63)

0.272

H2RA duration (days)

0 (0 – 21)

0 (0 – 62)

0.474

Antibiotic use

94% (191)

87% (177)

0.020

Total number of antibiotics received

3 (0 – 7)

2 (0 – 8)

0.001

Study duration (days)

9.7 (2.4 – 55.7)

10 (2 – 99)

0.253

  1. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (range) or % (n). ICU, intensive care unit; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; H2RA, histamine-2-receptor antagonist.