Early high protein intake is associated with low mortality and energy overfeeding with high mortality in non-septic mechanically ventilated critically ill patients

Weijs, Peter JM; Looijaard, Wilhelmus GPM; Beishuizen, Albertus; Girbes, Armand RJ; Oudemans-van Straaten, Heleen M

doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0701-z

Critical Care

Table 3 Patient characteristics and outcome in non-septic, non-overfed patients

From: Early high protein intake is associated with low mortality and energy overfeeding with high mortality in non-septic mechanically ventilated critically ill patients

	<0.8 g/kg		0.8 to <1.0 g/kg		1.0 to <1.2 g/kg		≥1.2 g/kg		All non-septic, non-overfed patients		Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test or chi squared test, P -value
	n = 223		n = 60		n = 68		n = 68		n = 419
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Male gender, %	66.4		60.0		67.6		61.8		64.9		0.714
Age, y	63.9	16.5	61.6	16.2	62.7	15.6	62.7	17.2	63.2	16.4	0.775
Weight, kg	78.5	17.5	79.6	15.1	80.4	17.3	75.1	14.7	78.4	16.7	0.278
Height, cm	173	9.5	173	9.2	173	9.7	171	10.5	173	9.6	0.556
Body mass index, kg/m2	26.2	5.3	26.9	5.6	26.8	5.5	25.6	3.7	26.3	5.2	0.439
Body mass index <18.5, %	2.7		1.7		0.0		2.9		2.1
Body mass index >30, %	17.9		21.7		17.6		14.7		17.9
APACHE II score	22.7	8.4	22.2	7.8	22.4	7.6	22.9	7.5	22.6	8.1	0.961
Respiratory rate, /minute^W	20	6	19	6	21	5	22	8	21	7	0.059
VO₂, ml/minute^W	274	64	270	51	286	58	292	55	278	60	0.080
VCO₂, ml/minute^W	228^a	54	226_a	40	239^a,b	43	251^b	53	233	51	0.005
Respiratory quotient^W	0.84	0.10	0.85	0.12	0.85	0.10	0.86	0.08	0.84	0.10	0.436
FiO₂, %^{W, Z}	40	40 to 45	40	40 to 45	40	40 to 45	40	40 to 45	40	40 to 45	0.460
Measured EE^x, kcal/d	1,860	367	1,864	299	1,953	310	1,924	348	1,886	347	0.181
Estimated EE^y, kcal/d	2,049	378	2,066	333	2,088	365	1,993	371	2,049	368	0.478
Day-4 energy, kcal/d	904^a	453	1,679^b,c	256	1,840^c,d	283	1,950^d	353	1,337	608	<0.001
Day-4 intake/measuredEE	0.49^a	0.25	0.91^b,c	0.09	0.95^c,d	0.10	1.02^d	0.09	0.71	0.30	<0.001
Day-4 protein, g/kg	0.35^a	0.24	0.86^b	0.06	1.05^c	0.05	1.30^d	0.10	0.69	0.43	<0.001
Length of ventilation^z, d	17	11 to 29	20	11 to 28	15	8 to 27	17	9 to 24	17	10 to 28	0.128
Length of ICU stay^z, d	20	13 to 32	22	13 to 31	17	9 to 29	19	10 to 29	19	12 to 31	0.178
Length of hospital stay^z, d	35	19 to 60	40	26 to 63	30	19 to 61	34	23 to 49	35	21 to 59	0.447
ICU mortality, %	22.0		18.3		17.6		8.8		18.6		0.111
Hospital mortality, %	36.8		35.0		26.5		19.1		32.0		0.033

^{a, b, c, d}Values in the same row not sharing the same letter are significantly different at P <0.05 in a post-hoc Bonferroni analysis or pairwise comparison in the analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test. ^WValue at time of energy expenditure measurement. ^xEnergy target defined by indirect calorimetry. ^yEnergy target defined by Harris Benedict formula +30%. ^zNon-normally distributed; data presented as median and 25^th to 75^th percentiles. P-values in bold indicate a significant test result. APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; VO₂, oxygen uptake; VCO₂, carbon dioxide elimination; FiO₂, inspired oxygen fraction; EE, energy expenditure.

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