Table 2 Characteristics of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) according to presence of hyponatremia at study inclusion
Patients’ characteristics | Patients without hyponatremia (Na > = 130 mEq/L) (N = 228) | Patients with hyponatremia (Na <130 mEq/L) (N = 73) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 56.1 (11.5) | 53.7 (11.4) | 0.12 |
Male sex | 148 (64.9) | 45 (61.6) | 0.61 |
Alcoholic cirrhosis | 136 (59.6) | 39 (53.4) | 0.54 |
Previous decompensations* | 161 (74.9) | 56 (82.4) | 0.20 |
Complications at admission** | |||
Bacterial infections | 72 (31.9) | 27 (37.0) | 0.42 |
Hepatic encephalopathy | 130 (57.0) | 44 (61.1) | 0.54 |
Ascites | 173 (76.2) | 61 (85.9) | 0.08 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | 36 (15.8) | 5 (6.9) | 0.05 |
Clinical and laboratory data | |||
Mean arterial pressure (mm/Hg) | 79.7 (13.0) | 77.3 (12.1) | 0.15 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 83.5 (19.0) | 83.3 (16.8) | 0.94 |
Serum bilirubin (mg/dL) | 11.0 (11.2) | 14.6 (11.3) | 0.02 |
International normalized ratio | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.1 (0.9) | 0.90 |
AST (U/L) | 116 (198) | 233 (412) | 0.03 |
ALT (U/L) | 57 (98) | 95(165) | 0.10 |
GGT (U/L) | 139 (151) | 153 (194) | 0.62 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.2 (1.5) | 2.8 (1.9) | 0.01 |
Serum sodium (mEq/L) | 136 (4.6) | 125 (3.5) | <0.001 |
Serum potassium (mEq/L) | 4.2 (0.8) | 4.7 (1.1) | <0.001 |
Leukocyte count (×109 cells/L) | 9.5 (6.1) | 12.1 (7.0) | 0.003 |
Plasma C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 40.9 (44.3) | 42.0 (36.2) | 0.86 |
MELD score | 26.6 (7.0) | 30.0 (6.6) | <0.001 |
Child-Pugh score | 10.9 (2.1) | 11.6 (2.1) | 0.0341 |
CLIF-SOFA score*** | 10.1 (3.3) | 11.6 (3.1) | 0.0034 |