Clinical neurophysiological assessment of sepsis-associated brain dysfunction: a systematic review

Table 3 Findings of quantitative EEG analysis in patients with sepsis

	Ref	Type of quantitative analysis	Findings	Diagnostic and prognostic value of the abnormalities
Case-control study (patients with systemic infection versus controls)
	16	Spectral analysis (Fast Fourier Transform)	Lower relative power in the alpha band; higher relative power in the theta and beta band; lower alpha peak frequency; higher theta peak frequency	NA
Case series of patients with sepsis
	19	Spectral analysis (Fast Fourier Transform); nonlinear analysis (Kaplan z-score)	Lower spectral EEG ratio; higher Kaplan z-score	Kaplan z-score correlated negatively with the APACHE II score.
Case series or case-control study that included patients with and without sepsis
	26	Burst suppression index (provided from a BIS monitor)	Burst suppression occurred in 49 of 125 patients (39%)	Diagnostic value of the presence of burst and suppression for sepsis (Sen = 0.42; Spe = 0.66; PLR = 1.2; NLR = 0.9). Burst suppression with higher six-month mortality (hazard ratio = 2.04, P = 0.02).

APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; BIS, bispectral index; EEG, electroencephalogram; NA, not applicable; NLR, negative likelihood ratio; PLR, positive likelihood ratio; Sen, sensitivity; Spe, specificity.

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