From: Clinical neurophysiological assessment of sepsis-associated brain dysfunction: a systematic review
 | Ref | Type of EEG abnormality | Details | Rate (number, %) | Diagnostic and prognostic values of the changes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case series of patients with sepsis | |||||
 | 21 | B | Slow waves; malignant EEG pattern | 5/43 (12%); 15/43 (35%) | Malignant EEG pattern associated with chronic leukoencephalopathy and acute brain ischemia. |
 | PD/RD | TWs | 5/43 (12%) | NA | |
 | Esz | ESz | 13/43 (30%) | NA | |
 | 20 | B | Theta-delta; delta; burst-suppression | 2/18 (11%); 12/18 (67%); 2/18 (11%) | NA |
 | PD/RD | TWs | 1/18 (6%) | NA | |
 | 18 | B | Theta; delta; suppression; no reactivity | 16/62 (26%); 22/62 (35%); 8/62 (13%), 9/62 (15%) | Severity of SAE associated with severity of EEG abnormalities Delta (OR = 2.4) and suppression (OR = 4.5) associated with mortality. |
 | PD/RD | TWs | 5/60 (10%) | TWs associated with mortality (OR = 1.5) | |
 | 22 | B | Theta; delta | 4/6 (67%); 2/6 (33%) | NA |
 | 23 | B | Slow wave sleep; Theta-delta; delta; Paroxysmal theta | 4/14 (29%); 2/14 (14%); 1/14(7%); 1/14 (7%) | NA |
 | PD/RD | Paroxysmal slowing with sharp waves | 2/14 (14%) | NA | |
Case series or case-control studies that included patients with and without sepsis | |||||
 | 32 | B | No reactivity | 28/152 (18%) | No reactivity tended to be associated with poor outcome (OR = 2.8, P = 0.13) |
 | PD/RD | PEDs (including GPDs, PLEDs and BIPLEDs) | 45 (29 %) | PEDs persisting for >24 h associated with poor outcome (OR = 2.9, P = 0.01) | |
 | Esz | NCSz (including NCSE) | 24/154 (16 %) (8/154 (5 %)) | NCSz associated with poor outcome (OR = 10.4, P = 0.04) | |
 | 27 | B | Predominant theta; theta/delta; no reactivity | 30/105 (29%); 55/105 (52%); 22/105(21%) | Lack of EEG background reactivity associated with mortality (OR = 3.7, P = 0.04) |
 | PD/RD | TWs | 105/105 (100%) | NA | |
 | 28 | B | Theta; theta/delta; delta; FIRDA | 34/154 (22%); 32/154 (21%); 28/154 (18%); 26/154 (18%) | Theta/delta and delta associated with more severe alteration of consciousness; Theta/delta associated with poor outcome (OR = 2.5, P = 0.03); FIRDA associated with good outcome (OR = 4.8, p = 0.004) |
 | PD/RD | TWs | 34/154 (22%) | TWs associated with more severe alteration of consciousness and with higher mortality (OR = 4.5, P = 0.005) | |
 | 24 | PD/RD | GPDs including TWs; | (50%, case-matched cohort); 63/400 (16%); 24/400 (6%) | No significant difference in poor outcome between GPDs and controls; GPDs associated with a longer ICU stay (18 days versus 15 days, P = 0.002) |
 | Esz | (Seizures) | (73/400 (18%)) | NA | |
 | 30 | PD/RD | PEDs (including GPDs, PLEDs and BIPLEDs) | 34/201 (17%); | Diagnostic value of the presence of ESz or PEDs for sepsis (Sen = 0.32; Spe = 0.91; PLR = 3.7; NLR = 0.7) ESz or PEDs associated with mortality or severe disability at hospital discharge (adjusted OR = 19.1, P = 0.001). |
 | Esz | ESz | 21/201 (10%) | NA | |
 | 31 | B | Slow waves | 27/27 (100%) | NA |
 | PD/RD | TWs | 1/27 (4%) | NA |