From: Clinical neurophysiological assessment of sepsis-associated brain dysfunction: a systematic review
 | Ref | Study design | Location (ICU patients,%) | Number | Inclusion criteria | Patients with sepsis/infections (number, %) | APACHE II score | Survival (number, %) | Patients on sedatives and/or opiates (number, %) | Topic | Time to EEG/EPs (days) | EEG/EPs as primary outcome? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case-control study (patients with systemic infection versus controls) | ||||||||||||
 | 16 | P | Internal medicine (NA) | 73 | CAP | 43 (59%) | 13 ± 4 | NA | NA | qEEG VEP | 1 | Y |
Case series of patients with sepsis | ||||||||||||
 | 21 | P | Medical and surgical ICU (100%) | 71 | SS with brain dysfunctiona | 71 (100%) | NA (SAPS II 49 (38 to 60)) | 48 (68%) | 49 (69%) | EEG | NA | N |
 | 20 | NA | ICU (100%) | 30 | SSa | 30 (100%) | 32 ± 6 | NA | 30 (100%) | EEG | 4 | N |
 | 17 | P | Medical ICU (100%) | 68 | SS | 68 (100%) | NA (APACHE III, 101 ± 26) | 31 (46%) | 33 (49%) | SSEP | 1 to 2 | Y |
 | 19 | NA | ICU (100%) | 14 | Sepsis | 14 (100%) | 18.6 ± 6.0 | 8 (57%) | 12 (85%) | qEEG | 1 to 5 | Y |
 | 18 | P | ICU (100%) | 69 | Severe Infectionsb | 69 (100%) | NA | 46 (67%) | 0 | EEG | NA | Y |
 | 22 | NA | ICU(100%) | 6 | Severe Infectionsb | 6 (100%) | NA | 1 (17%) | 0 | EEG AEP | 1 to 11 | N |
 | 23 | NA | NA (NA) | 14 | Severe Infectionsb | 14 (100%) | NA | 14 (100%) | NA | EEG | NA | Y |
Case series or case-control studies including patients with and without sepsis | ||||||||||||
 | 32 | R | Surgical ICU (100%) | 154 | Encephalopathy +/− seizuresa | 100 (65%) | NA | 73 (47%) | 106 (70%) | cEEG | 4 to 9 | Y |
 | 28 | R | Hospital (70%) | 154 | Encephalopathy | 72 (47%) | NA | 135 (88%) | 20 (13%) | EEG | NA | Y |
 | 27 | R | Hospital (81%) | 105 | Encephalopathy and TWs | 62 (59%) | NA | 84 (80%) | 20 (19%) | EEG | NA | Y |
 | 24 | R | Hospital (88%) | 400 | GPDs | 144 (36%) | NA | 249 (62%) | NA | cEEG | NA | Y |
 | 30 | R | Medical ICU (100%) | 201 | Encephalopathy +/− seizures | 120 (60%) | NA | NA | 29 (14%) | cEEG | NA | Y |
 | 26 | P | Adult ICU (100%) | 125 | Patients on MVa | 78 (62%) | 27.4 ± 8.2 | 93 (74%) | 123 (98%) | qEEG (BIS) | NA | Y |
 | 29 | P | Surgical ICU (100%) | 54 | Post-abdominal surgery | 24 (44%) | NA (SAPS II, 34 (22 to 48)) | NA | 0 | AEP | 1 | Y |
 | 31 | P | Burns ICU (100%) | 64 | SIRS | 44 (69%) | NA | NA | NA | EEG | NA | N |
 | 25 | P | Medical ICU (100%) | 103 | MOF and Encephalopathy | 74 (72%) | NA (APACHE III, 101 ± 24) | 52 (50%) | 60 (58%) | SSEP | 1 to 2 | Y |