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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Diagnostic and prognostic value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 for sepsis in the Emergency Department: an observational study

 

Control

SIRS

Sepsis

Severe sepsis

Septic shock

P

Number

40

80

180

90

90

 

Age, years

68 (65 to 74)

70 (58 to 76)

71 (59 to 78)

73 (60 to 78)

73 (65 to 78)

0.101

Male

57.0%

53.8%

61.2%

62.9%

58.1%

0.487

White blood cells, ×109/L

6.8 (4.6 to 7.9)

9.5 (7.0 to 11.3)

13.5 (11.2 to 15.3)

14.1 (11.3 to 18.5)

16.6 (13.3 to 22.4)

0.002

Neu, ×109/L

4.7 (3.0 to 6.2)

7.9 (5.3 to 9.4)

10.15 (8.8 to 12.1)

12.9 (9.2 to 15.6)

13.9 (11.4 to 18.9)

0.003

Procalcitonin, ng/mL

0.13 (0.06 to 0.31)

0.38 (0.48 to 1.19)

1.53 (1.23 to 4.45)

5.76 (2.45 to 9.43)

8.86 (0.88 to 38.96)

<0.001

MEDS score

0

4.28 (2.24 to 6.34)

6.7 (5.34 to 8.23)

18.17 (15.1 to 21.3)

24.28 (22.89 to 26.12)

<0.001

NGAL, g/mL

197.8 (178.5 to 208.8)

224.7 (200.3 to 243.5)

239.1 (223.6 to 256.8)

251.0 (233.4 to 262.2)

264.4 (242.8 to 282.4)

0.002

MMP-9, ng/mL

60.4 (51.9 to 73.4)

74.9 (62.1 to 82.4)

83.7 (66.5 to 97.7)

96.9 (76.5 to 116.8)

83.6 (62.0 to 96.6)

0.093

TIMP-1, ng/mL

228.2 (205.4 to 242.3)

247.4 (230.5 to 265.4)

262.6 (240.6 to 282.7)

279.3 (243.4 to 296.1)

321.8 (287.4 to 346.4)

0.001

MMP-9/TIMP-1

0.27 (0.20 to 0.33)

0.30 (0.24 to 0.35)

0.32 (0.26 to 0.38)

0.35 (0.25 to 0.45)

0.26 (0.17 to 0.35)

0.128

Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L

5.68 (3.88 to 7.89)

6.04 (3.92 to 8.04)

9.48 (7.80 to 11.56)

11.27 (9.92 to 14.04)

12.56 (10.84 to 15.12)

0.079

Serum creatinine, mg/dL

0.68 (0.43 to 0.82)

0.73 (0.52 to 0.97)

1.56 (.0.83 to 1.89)

2.45 (0.98 to 5.20)

2.63 (0.87 to 6.16)

0.063

28-day mortality, n (%)

 

11 (13.8%)

31 (17.3%)

38 (42.2%)

57 (63.0%)

<0.001

Mortality in ED, n (%)

 

0

1 (0.6%)

6 (6.7%)

14 (15.6%)

<0.001

Mechanical ventilation

 

0

0

35 (38.9%)

68 (75.6%)

<0.001

in ED, n (%)

      

Main diagnosis n (%)

      

Pneumonia

 

62 (77.5%)

132 (73.3%)

61 (67.8%)

70 (77.8%)

0.481

IAI

 

8 (10.0%)

28 (15.6%)

16 (17.8%)

14 (15.6%)

0.665

USI

 

5 (6.25%)

7 (3.89%)

7 (7.78%)

2 (2.22%)

0.723

CNSI

 

3 (3.75%)

8 (4.44%)

5 (5.56%)

4 (4.44%)

0.558

SSTI

 

0

4 (2.22%)

1 (1.11%)

0

 

DKA

 

2 (2.50%)

1 (0.56%)

0

0

 
  1. The values are expressed as median (IQR, observations available) or number (percentage). MEDS, mortality in emergency department sepsis; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1; ED, emergency department; IAI, intra-abdominal infection; USI, urinary system infection; CNSI, central nervous system infection; SSTI, skin/soft tissue infection; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis.
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