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Table 2 Characteristics of patients by centre in the complete case data

From: Predictive models for kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) defined acute kidney injury in UK cardiac surgery

 

Bristol (n = 12,435)

Birmingham (n = 4,092)

Wolverhampton (n = 4,468)

Number (%)

Number (%)

Number (%)

Demographic factors

   

Age, years

   

 <60

2,995 (24.1)

1,061 (25.9)

1,026 (23.0)

 60 to 74

6,873 (55.3)

2,201 (53.8)

2,471 (55.3)

 ≥75

2,567 (20.6)

830 (20.3)

971 (21.7)

Sex

   

 Male

9,474 (76.2)

2,990 (73.1)

3,420 (76.5)

 Female

2,961 (23.8)

1,102 (26.9)

1,048 (23.5)

Body mass index

   

 <20.0

482 (3.9)

112 (2.7)

87 (1.9)

 20.0 to 24.9

3,206 (25.8)

1,003 (24.5)

1,057 (23.7)

 25.0 to 29.9

5,685 (45.7)

1,737 (42.4)

2,020 (45.2)

 30.0 to 34.9

2,365 (19.0)

893 (21.8)

967 (21.6)

 35.0+

697 (5.6)

347 (8.5)

337 (7.5)

Smoking status

   

 Never smoked

3,970 (31.9)

1,351 (33.0)

1,633 (36.5)

 Ex-smoker

7,072 (56.9)

2,427 (59.3)

2,414 (54.0)

 Current smoker

1,393 (11.2)

314 (7.7)

421 (9.4)

Preoperative factors

   

Anginaa

   

 No angina

2,346 (18.9)

737 (18.0)

779 (17.4)

 CCS 1

1,460 (11.7)

399 (9.8)

244 (5.5)

 CCS 2

3,611 (29.0)

1,354 (33.1)

1,342 (30.0)

 CCS 3

2,885 (23.2)

949 (23.2)

1,142 (25.6)

 CCS 4

2,133 (17.2)

653 (16.0)

961 (21.5)

Dyspnoeab

   

 NYHA 1

2,797 (22.5)

786 (19.2)

926 (20.7)

 NHYA 2

5,129 (41.2)

2,094 (51.2)

1,748 (39.1)

 NYHA 3

3,895 (31.3)

928 (22.7)

1,353 (30.3)

 NYHA 4

614 (4.9)

284 (6.9)

441 (9.9)

Previous MI

   

 0

7,786 (62.6)

2,671 (65.3)

2,453 (54.9)

 1

3,783 (30.4)

1,145 (28.0)

1,620 (36.3)

 ≥2

866 (7.0)

276 (6.7)

395 (8.8)

Previous operations

   

 0

1,1940 (96.0)

3,895 (95.2)

4,352 (97.4)

 1+

495 (4.0)

197 (4.8)

116 (2.6)

Preoperative diabetes

   

 No

10,243 (82.4)

3,176 (77.6)

3,399 (76.1)

 Yes

2,192 (17.6)

916 (22.4)

1,069 (23.9)

Peripheral vascular disease

   

 No

11,388 (91.6)

3,536 (86.4)

3,665 (82.0)

 Yes

1,047 (8.4)

556 (13.6)

803 (18.0)

Pulmonary disease

   

 No

10,991 (88.4)

3,499 (85.5)

3,926 (87.9)

 Yes

1,444 (11.6)

593 (14.5)

542 (12.1)

Neurological disease

   

 No

11,303 (90.9)

3,790 (92.6)

4,077 (91.2)

 Yes

1,132 (9.1)

302 (7.4)

391 (8.8)

Hypertensionc

   

 No

4,400 (35.4)

1,307 (31.9)

1,673 (37.4)

 Yes

8,035 (64.6)

2,785 (68.1)

2,795 (62.6)

Haemoglobin

   

 <10.0

218 (1.8)

91 (2.2)

71 (1.6)

 10.0 to11.9

1,487 (12.0)

593 (14.5)

515 (11.5)

 12.0+

10,730 (86.3)

3,408 (83.3)

3,882 (86.9)

GFR

   

 <30.0

436 (3.5)

102 (2.5)

54 (1.2)

 30.0 to 59.9

4,592 (36.9)

1,460 (35.7)

1,059 (23.7)

 60.0 to 89.9

5,458 (43.9)

1,741 (42.5)

1,887 (42.2)

 90.0+

1,949 (15.7)

789 (19.3)

1,468 (32.9)

Heparin or nitrates

   

 None

10,724 (86.2)

3,595 (87.9)

4,133 (92.5)

 Within a week

914 (7.4)

53 (1.3)

114 (2.6)

 At operation

797 (6.4)

444 (10.9)

221 (4.9)

Critical preoperative event

   

 No

12,268 (98.7)

3,944 (96.4)

4,392 (98.3)

 Yes

167 (1.3)

148 (3.6)

76 (1.7)

Catheter to surgery

   

 Within 24 h

299 (2.4)

38 (0.9)

84 (1.9)

 >24 h this admission

6,825 (54.9)

1,019 (24.9)

971 (21.7)

 >24 h previous admission

5,311 (42.7)

3,035 (74.2)

3,413 (76.4)

Triple vessel disease

   

 No

6,041 (48.6)

1,759 (43.0)

1,819 (40.7)

 Yes

6,394 (51.4)

2,333 (57.0)

2,649 (59.3)

Left main stem disease

   

 No

10,208 (82.1)

3,162 (77.3)

3,422 (76.6)

 Yes

2,227 (17.9)

930 (22.7)

1,046 (23.4)

Ejection fraction

   

 Good (50+ %)

9,111 (73.3)

2,758 (67.4)

2,910 (65.1)

 Fair (30 to 49%)

2,668 (21.5)

1,143 (27.9)

1,192 (26.7)

 Poor (<30%)

656 (5.3)

191 (4.7)

366 (8.2)

Operative priority

   

 Elective

7,350 (59.1)

2,798 (68.4)

3,173 (71.0)

 Urgent

4,896 (39.4)

1,256 (30.7)

1,255 (28.1)

 Emergency/salvage

189 (1.5)

38 (0.9)

40 (0.9)

Cardiac procedures

   

 CABG only

8,587 (69.1)

2,241 (54.8)

2,974 (66.6)

 Valve only

1,838 (14.8)

644 (15.7)

622 (13.9)

 CABG+valve

1,169 (9.4)

554 (13.5)

568 (12.7)

 Other/multiple

841 (6.8)

653 (16.0)

304 (6.8)

Acute kidney injury, %

   

 None

9,495 (76.4)

3,238 (79.1)

3,370 (75.4)

 Stage 1

2,164 (17.4)

560 (13.7)

706 (15.8)

 Stage 2

330 (2.7)

89 (2.2)

124 (2.8)

 Stage 3

446 (3.6)

205 (5.0)

268 (6.0)

  1. aCanadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classes: 1 ordinary activity does not cause angina; 2 slight limitation; 3 marked limitation; 4 inability to carry out any physical activity without discomfort. bNew York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification: 1 no symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity; 2 mild symptoms and slight limitation during ordinary activity; 3 marked limitation in activity due to symptoms, comfortable only at rest; 4 severe limitations, experiences symptoms even while at rest. cHypertension was defined as treated or blood pressure >140/90. CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; Haemoglobin, g/dL; GFR, mL/min.
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