Impedance cardiography (electrical velocimetry) and transthoracic echocardiography for non-invasive cardiac output monitoring in pediatric intensive care patients: a prospective single-center observational study

Table 3 Possible parameters that affect differences in EVVTI and EVMM using mixed-model analysis

Parameter	Study arm	Effect on difference of methods (%)	P value
Parameter	Study arm	(95% limits of agreement)	P value
Non-invasive CPAP in PREM	EVVTI	40.1 (34.6/46.4)	0.022
	EVMM	31.6 (26.6/37.6)	0.732
Ventilation via ET tube	EVVTI	5.0 (4.3/5.9)	0.017
	EVMM	4.7 (4.0/5.7)	0.069
Body weight	EVVTI	9.5 (6.4/7.5)	<0.001
Body weight	EVMM	11.5 (9.7/13.5)	<0.001
Secondary abdominal closure	EVVTI	5.2 (4.4/6.1)	0.272
Secondary abdominal closure	EVMM	6.9 (5.5/8.7)	0.002

CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; ET, endotracheal; EVMM, electrical velocimetry versus the transthoracic echocardiography M-mode; EVVTI, electrical velocimetry versus the transthoracic echocardiography velocity time integral; PREM, preterm infants subgroup.

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